The climate crisis, the changes to the natural ecosystem that it entails are now evident at the center of the political agenda of many countries around the world. The European Union is in the process of selecting a so-called green new deal. All member states have placed the environmental issue more at the center of their national policies than is already done. In the United States this approach is passing by, but it is mostly left to individual administrations of the federal states to carry out actions that have the objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, exemplary are the cases of the state of California and the city of New York. In this scenario, it is considered of particular interest to focus on the issue of energy efficiency in the design of buildings and how by optimizing some aspects of the design this objective can be achieved. In particular, this thesis focuses on two elements that fall within the macro topic of energy efficiency: the management of solar radiation, in this case through the use of innovative glass systems; the possibility of using different approaches to define the thermo-hygrometric comfort parameters in order to make the best use of the available natural resources. From the point of view of solar radiation management, today glass is one of the most used construction materials for the construction of the facades of large multi-story buildings. It, therefore, becomes of fundamental importance to evaluate the effect of the filter that this material offers to the solar radiation entering the building, even more in terms of its energy efficiency. This work, therefore, has the objective of investigating some of the technologies for glass surfaces available on the market for the control of solar radiation. I will identify the solution that allows reducing the building's energy needs, evaluating both their energy and lighting behavior. Secondly, I will evaluate how a different management model, natural/mechanical hybrid, combined with a different activation logic of the systems that take into account the adaptive comfort model using affect energy consumption. This different approach to the management of the building-plant system can be achieved using the integration of a building automation system capable of managing both structural components (such as windows and solar screens) and systems for comfort. In particular, we will evaluate how the consumption of energy vectors for the observed cooling use a system setting a fixed or mixed-mode set-point, integrating an adaptive comfort assessment instead of an analytical assessment based on Fanger studies. This assessment will be made at the end of the development of a project for a mixed-use building located in the city of New York, thus adopting the related US regulation system and the knowledge relating to the client acquired during the internship of the undersigned in the context of the interest. This activity was carried out in the city of New York, at the VV Patchouli LLC, a manufacturer of high fashion accessories, based in the aforementioned city, as the host office for the internship. During the period, I collaborated on the definition of the design concept for the company headquarters. This, therefore, allowed me to gather much of the information necessary for the preparation of the thesis work. Among these, first of all, the needs of the company, but also information relating to the socio-economic, cultural, and architectural context in which the building is designed. This set of knowledge will contribute to the realization of the case study project to be studied in a more complete and relevant way to a real hypothesis.
La crisi climatica, i cambiamenti all’ecosistema naturale che essa comporta sono ormai evidenti ed al centro dell’agenda politica di molti paesi nel mondo. L’unione europea è in procinto di avviare il cosiddetto green new deal, portando gli stati membri a mettere al centro delle loro politiche, più di quanto non sia già, la questione ambientale. Negli Stati Uniti questo approccio stenta a prender piede, si è però lasciato spazio alle singole amministrazioni degli stati federali di portare avanti azioni per la riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra, esemplari sono i casi dello stato della California e della città di New York. In questo scenario, si è ritenuto di particolare interesse porre l’attenzione sul tema dell’efficienza energetica nella progettazione degli edifici e di come tramite l’ottimizzazione di alcuni aspetti della progettazione si possa raggiungere tale obiettivo. In particolare nel lavoro svolto si porrà l’attenzione su due elementi che rientrano nel macro argomento dell’efficienza energetica: la gestione della radiazione solare, in questo caso mediante l’uso di sistemi vetrati innovativi; la possibilità di utilizzare differenti approcci per la definizione dei parametri di comfort termo-igrometrico al fine di sfruttare al meglio le risorse naturali disponibili. Dal punto di vista della gestione della radiazione solare, ad oggi, il vetro è tra il materiale da costruzione più utilizzati per la realizzazione delle facciate di grandi edifici multipiano. Diventa dunque di fondamentale importanza valutare l’effetto di filtro che questo materiale offre alla radiazione solare entrante nell’edificio, ancor più nell’ottica di efficientamento energetico dello stesso. Questo lavoro si pone, l’obbiettivo di indagare alcune tra le tecnologie per le superfici vetrate disponibili sul mercato per il controllo della radiazione solare. Si andrà ad individuare la soluzione che permette di ridurre il fabbisogno energetico dell’edificio, valutando sia il comportamento energetico che illuminotecnico delle stesse. In seconda battuta si andrà a valutare come una diversa modalità di gestione, ibrida naturale/meccanica, abbinata a una diversa logica di attivazione degli impianti che tenga conto del modello di comfort adattivo possano incidere sui consumi energetici. Questo diverso approccio alla gestione del sistema edificio-impianto può essere realizzato mediante l’integrazione di un sistema di building automation in grado di gestire sia i componenti edili (quali finestre e schermature solari) sia gli impianti per il comfort. In particolare si valuterà come i consumi di vettori energetici per il raffrescamento variano utilizzando un’impostazione d’impianto a set-point fisso o in mixed-mode, integrando una valutazione del comfort adattivo piuttosto che una valutazione analitica basata sugli studi di Fanger. Tale valutazione sarà fatta al termine dello sviluppo di un progetto per edificio polifunzionale collocato nella città di New York, adottando dunque il relativo sistema normativo statunitense e le conoscenze relative alla committenza acquisite durante il tirocinio del sottoscritto nel contesto d’interesse. Questa attività è stata svolta nella città di New York, avendo come sede ospitante per il tirocinio la VV Patchouli LLC, azienda produttrice di accessori d’alta moda, con sede nella città suddetta. Nel corso di tale periodo ho collaborato alla definizione del concept progettuale per la sede dell’azienda. Questo mi ha permesso di raccogliere le informazioni necessarie al fine della stesura del lavoro di tesi trattato. Tra queste, prima fra tutte le necessità della compagnia, ma anche informazioni relative al contesto socio-economico, culturale ed architettonico in cui l’edificio progettato viene pensato. Questo insieme di conoscenze, concorrerà a realizzare il progetto del caso di studio da analizzare legato ad un caso reale.
PROGETTAZIONE DI UN EDIFICIO POLIFUNZIONALE AD ALTE PRESTAZIONI ENERGETICHE IN NEW YORK CITY
LORUSSO, ANTONIO
2018/2019
Abstract
The climate crisis, the changes to the natural ecosystem that it entails are now evident at the center of the political agenda of many countries around the world. The European Union is in the process of selecting a so-called green new deal. All member states have placed the environmental issue more at the center of their national policies than is already done. In the United States this approach is passing by, but it is mostly left to individual administrations of the federal states to carry out actions that have the objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, exemplary are the cases of the state of California and the city of New York. In this scenario, it is considered of particular interest to focus on the issue of energy efficiency in the design of buildings and how by optimizing some aspects of the design this objective can be achieved. In particular, this thesis focuses on two elements that fall within the macro topic of energy efficiency: the management of solar radiation, in this case through the use of innovative glass systems; the possibility of using different approaches to define the thermo-hygrometric comfort parameters in order to make the best use of the available natural resources. From the point of view of solar radiation management, today glass is one of the most used construction materials for the construction of the facades of large multi-story buildings. It, therefore, becomes of fundamental importance to evaluate the effect of the filter that this material offers to the solar radiation entering the building, even more in terms of its energy efficiency. This work, therefore, has the objective of investigating some of the technologies for glass surfaces available on the market for the control of solar radiation. I will identify the solution that allows reducing the building's energy needs, evaluating both their energy and lighting behavior. Secondly, I will evaluate how a different management model, natural/mechanical hybrid, combined with a different activation logic of the systems that take into account the adaptive comfort model using affect energy consumption. This different approach to the management of the building-plant system can be achieved using the integration of a building automation system capable of managing both structural components (such as windows and solar screens) and systems for comfort. In particular, we will evaluate how the consumption of energy vectors for the observed cooling use a system setting a fixed or mixed-mode set-point, integrating an adaptive comfort assessment instead of an analytical assessment based on Fanger studies. This assessment will be made at the end of the development of a project for a mixed-use building located in the city of New York, thus adopting the related US regulation system and the knowledge relating to the client acquired during the internship of the undersigned in the context of the interest. This activity was carried out in the city of New York, at the VV Patchouli LLC, a manufacturer of high fashion accessories, based in the aforementioned city, as the host office for the internship. During the period, I collaborated on the definition of the design concept for the company headquarters. This, therefore, allowed me to gather much of the information necessary for the preparation of the thesis work. Among these, first of all, the needs of the company, but also information relating to the socio-economic, cultural, and architectural context in which the building is designed. This set of knowledge will contribute to the realization of the case study project to be studied in a more complete and relevant way to a real hypothesis.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/97656