In the IoT landscape infrastructure fast evolution, there is growing interest in the design of pattern reconfigurable antennas. Designing a sensor antenna with excellent performance has a strong impact on an entire IoT system. Due to the diversity of sensor usage scenarios in the IoT, antennas are required to have low profile and small size for better integration into various sensors. Differently from other communication systems, IoT devices have almost no bandwidth requirements, allowing for strong antenna miniaturization. A common characteristic of IoT systems is that they usually require the transmission of very few data, like geolocation information or physical parameters collected by sensors. However, several related aspects must be carefully considered during the antenna design phase. Moreover, in order to facilitate the deployment in the city and the integration with already existing objects, IoT systems characterized by small dimensions and long range communications are preferred. Because of the importance of miniaturization and reconfiguration, the design of a miniature pattern reconfigurable antenna arises as an innovative and tough challenge. A pattern reconfigurable antenna has numerous advantages, such as low cost and simple structure, making it promising in the future communication systems. The pattern reconfigurable antenna can be realized by different methods, such as switching the feed network, switching connection states, and switching load. However, there has not been a universal approach to the design of pattern reconfigurable antennas. In the open literatures, in order to realize switchable patterns, the parasitic elements are usually added to the antennas. Due to their simpler structure, cheaper implementation and more compact dimensions, these antennas result to be particularly suitable for IoT applications. Recent developments toward pattern reconfigurable antenna have considerably improved the performance of wireless communication systems. Manipulation of an antenna’s radiation pattern can avoid noise source or electronic jamming, improve system gain and security, save energy by directing signals only towards the expected directions. A miniature pattern reconfigurable antenna, that should be embedded on a miniature terminal, has been designed to improve localization measurements. This antenna has been projected to operate at a particular frequency to be used in a LoRa system, one of the most popular IoT communication methods in Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) as an auxiliary role of IoT to assist the transmission between devices in various applications. A LoRa system for wide area localization experiments, which is characterized by long distance communication, low power consumption and low cost, is necessary in order to provide more received information for the smart applications of IoT and the positioning technology to obtain the location information of the devices. Furthermore, it can be suitable for traffic signal control in smart cities, equipment data collection in smart factories, and plants monitoring in smart agriculture and other applications that need low data transfer rates and low power consumption. In these smart applications, it often combines positioning technology to obtain location information of its device for effectively use the received message for more in-depth use. In the first chapter, a background and an applications introduction has been presented. Thanks to the use of an optimization algorithm, a particular configuration regarding a miniature pattern reconfigurable antenna has been studied. In the second chapter, it has been explained in which way the miniature pattern reconfigurable antenna has been designed. While the third chapter shows two optimal antenna configurations that offer good directivity and realized gain performance. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the behavior of this last ones has been tested in a wireless network scenario.
Nell'infrastruttura IoT, in rapida evoluzione, cresce l'interesse per la progettazione di antenne riconfigurabili. Progettare un'antenna sensore con prestazioni eccellenti ha un forte impatto su un intero sistema IoT. A causa della diversità degli scenari di utilizzo dei sensori nell'IoT, le antenne devono avere un profilo basso e dimensioni ridotte per una migliore integrazione in vari sensori. A differenza di altri sistemi di comunicazione, i dispositivi IoT non hanno quasi alcun requisito di larghezza di banda, consentendo una forte miniaturizzazione dell'antenna. Una caratteristica comune dei sistemi IoT è che di solito richiedono la trasmissione di pochissimi dati, come informazioni di geolocalizzazione o parametri fisici raccolti dai sensori. Tuttavia, diversi aspetti correlati devono essere attentamente considerati durante la fase di progettazione dell'antenna. A causa dell'importanza della miniaturizzazione e della riconfigurazione, la progettazione di un modello di antenna riconfigurabile miniatura si pone come una sfida innovativa e difficile. I recenti sviluppi verso l'antenna riconfigurabile hanno notevolmente migliorato le prestazioni dei sistemi di comunicazione wireless. La manipolazione del modello di radiazione di un'antenna può evitare la fonte di rumore o l'interferenza elettronica, migliorare il guadagno e la sicurezza del sistema, risparmiare energia indirizzando i segnali solo verso le direzioni previste. Un'antenna riconfigurabile miniatura, che dovrebbe essere incorporata su un terminale in miniaturizzato, è stata progettata per migliorare le misure di localizzazione. Questa antenna è stata progettata per operare ad una particolare frequenza da utilizzare in un sistema LoRa, uno dei più diffusi metodi di comunicazione IoT in Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) come ruolo ausiliario dell'IoT per assistere la trasmissione tra dispositivi in varie applicazioni. Un sistema LoRa per esperimenti di localizzazione su vasta area, caratterizzato da comunicazione a lunga distanza, basso consumo energetico e basso costo, è necessario per fornire maggiori informazioni ricevute per le applicazioni intelligenti dell'IoT e la tecnologia di posizionamento per ottenere le informazioni sulla posizione dei dispositivi. Nel primo capitolo, è stata presentata una introduzione e un'introduzione alle applicazioni. Grazie all'utilizzo di un algoritmo di ottimizzazione, è stata studiata una particolare configurazione relativa ad un'antenna riconfigurabile in miniatura. Nel secondo capitolo è stato spiegato in che modo è stata progettata l'antenna riconfigurabile in miniatura. Mentre il terzo capitolo mostra due configurazioni di antenna ottimali che offrono una buona direttività e prestazioni guadagno realizzato. Infine, nel quarto capitolo, il comportamento di questi ultimi è stato testato in uno scenario di rete wireless, che cerca di simulare un ambiente reale comprese interferenze e altri effetti di perdite reali, recuperando alcuni parametri importanti, come la potenza ricevuta.
DESIGN DI UN DISPOSITIVO MINIATURIZZATO IOT PER APPLICAZIONI DI TRACKING
CORBASCIO, ANDREA
2019/2020
Abstract
In the IoT landscape infrastructure fast evolution, there is growing interest in the design of pattern reconfigurable antennas. Designing a sensor antenna with excellent performance has a strong impact on an entire IoT system. Due to the diversity of sensor usage scenarios in the IoT, antennas are required to have low profile and small size for better integration into various sensors. Differently from other communication systems, IoT devices have almost no bandwidth requirements, allowing for strong antenna miniaturization. A common characteristic of IoT systems is that they usually require the transmission of very few data, like geolocation information or physical parameters collected by sensors. However, several related aspects must be carefully considered during the antenna design phase. Moreover, in order to facilitate the deployment in the city and the integration with already existing objects, IoT systems characterized by small dimensions and long range communications are preferred. Because of the importance of miniaturization and reconfiguration, the design of a miniature pattern reconfigurable antenna arises as an innovative and tough challenge. A pattern reconfigurable antenna has numerous advantages, such as low cost and simple structure, making it promising in the future communication systems. The pattern reconfigurable antenna can be realized by different methods, such as switching the feed network, switching connection states, and switching load. However, there has not been a universal approach to the design of pattern reconfigurable antennas. In the open literatures, in order to realize switchable patterns, the parasitic elements are usually added to the antennas. Due to their simpler structure, cheaper implementation and more compact dimensions, these antennas result to be particularly suitable for IoT applications. Recent developments toward pattern reconfigurable antenna have considerably improved the performance of wireless communication systems. Manipulation of an antenna’s radiation pattern can avoid noise source or electronic jamming, improve system gain and security, save energy by directing signals only towards the expected directions. A miniature pattern reconfigurable antenna, that should be embedded on a miniature terminal, has been designed to improve localization measurements. This antenna has been projected to operate at a particular frequency to be used in a LoRa system, one of the most popular IoT communication methods in Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) as an auxiliary role of IoT to assist the transmission between devices in various applications. A LoRa system for wide area localization experiments, which is characterized by long distance communication, low power consumption and low cost, is necessary in order to provide more received information for the smart applications of IoT and the positioning technology to obtain the location information of the devices. Furthermore, it can be suitable for traffic signal control in smart cities, equipment data collection in smart factories, and plants monitoring in smart agriculture and other applications that need low data transfer rates and low power consumption. In these smart applications, it often combines positioning technology to obtain location information of its device for effectively use the received message for more in-depth use. In the first chapter, a background and an applications introduction has been presented. Thanks to the use of an optimization algorithm, a particular configuration regarding a miniature pattern reconfigurable antenna has been studied. In the second chapter, it has been explained in which way the miniature pattern reconfigurable antenna has been designed. While the third chapter shows two optimal antenna configurations that offer good directivity and realized gain performance. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the behavior of this last ones has been tested in a wireless network scenario.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/95233