This work is based on the idea to provide a valid alternative to what are modern mechanisms in DNA extraction processes. A cartridge solution is proposed to replace the current use of test tubes and machinery characterized by complex automation. The device created proposes the combination between the rapidly expanding technology of additive manufacturing, better known with the overly simplifying term of 3D printing, and microfluidics, an innovative field of research based on the handling and transport of fluids. Therefore, the fundamentals of biology are analysed and an attempt is made to provide, through engineering, a method of DNA extraction. A cartridge, through a series of microchannels, allows the mixing of biological samples with certain reagent solutions. The work shows how from the idea it is possible to reach a functional physical device. Starting from the realization of a 3D model, through modelling software, we proceed with the printing phase. After each production and consequent unsatisfactory result of the tests, the subsequent devices made are subjected to changes both in the model and in the printing parameters to obtain a correct cartridge. The last cartridge created, which meets the objectives of mixing and modelling, is subjected to an additional electromagnetic test in order to retain the magnetic beads, which are the basis of the method used in this work for DNA extraction. Following a favorable response, a project crossroads appears: the continuation of automation in the field or the creation of commercial kits for operators. All in order to make the most of the results of this work.
Il presente lavoro si basa sull’idea di voler fornire una valida alternativa a quelli che sono i meccanismi moderni nei processi di estrazione del DNA. Viene proposta una soluzione a cartuccia per sostituire l’attuale utilizzo di provette e di macchinari caratterizzati da complessa automazione. Il dispositivo così realizzato, propone il connubio tra la tecnologia, in forte espansione, dell’additive manufacturing, più conosciuta con il termine eccessivamente semplificativo di stampa 3D, con la microfluidica, campo innovativo di ricerca basato sulla manipolazione e trasporto di fluidi. Si analizzano pertanto, i fondamenti della biologia e si cerca di fornire, tramite l’ingegneria, un metodo di estrazione del DNA. Si propone una cartuccia che, tramite una serie di microcanali, permette la miscelazione di campioni biologici con determinate soluzioni di reagenti. Il lavoro mostra come dall’idea si possa giungere ad un dispositivo fisico funzionale. Iniziando dalla realizzazione di un modello 3D, tramite software di modellazione, si procede con la fase di stampa. Dopo ogni produzione e conseguente esito non soddisfacente dei test, i successivi dispositivi realizzati, sono sottoposti a variazione sia del modello che dei parametri di stampa per ottenere una cartuccia corretta. L’ultima cartuccia realizzata, che soddisfa gli obiettivi preposti di miscelazione e di modellazione, viene sottoposta ad un ulteriore test mediante elettromagnete al fine di trattenere le biglie magnetiche, che sono alla base della metodologia sfruttata in questo lavoro per l’estrazione del DNA. A seguito di un riscontro favorevole si prospetta un bivio progettuale: la prosecuzione in campo dell’automazione o la realizzazione di kit commerciali per operatori. Il tutto, al fine di sfruttare al meglio i risultati del presente lavoro.
ESTRAZIONE DEL DNA: CONCEPT DESIGN DI UNA PIATTAFORMA PER ANALISI INNOVATIVA PRODOTTA TRAMITE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
CACACE, MIRCO
2018/2019
Abstract
This work is based on the idea to provide a valid alternative to what are modern mechanisms in DNA extraction processes. A cartridge solution is proposed to replace the current use of test tubes and machinery characterized by complex automation. The device created proposes the combination between the rapidly expanding technology of additive manufacturing, better known with the overly simplifying term of 3D printing, and microfluidics, an innovative field of research based on the handling and transport of fluids. Therefore, the fundamentals of biology are analysed and an attempt is made to provide, through engineering, a method of DNA extraction. A cartridge, through a series of microchannels, allows the mixing of biological samples with certain reagent solutions. The work shows how from the idea it is possible to reach a functional physical device. Starting from the realization of a 3D model, through modelling software, we proceed with the printing phase. After each production and consequent unsatisfactory result of the tests, the subsequent devices made are subjected to changes both in the model and in the printing parameters to obtain a correct cartridge. The last cartridge created, which meets the objectives of mixing and modelling, is subjected to an additional electromagnetic test in order to retain the magnetic beads, which are the basis of the method used in this work for DNA extraction. Following a favorable response, a project crossroads appears: the continuation of automation in the field or the creation of commercial kits for operators. All in order to make the most of the results of this work.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/89778