In the age of consumerism, wasteful or mismanagement of resources, negative impact on ecological footprint, but also in the age of advanced digital technologies, it is easy and irreversible to think of the development of the City into smart and efficient communities and ecosystems from the perspective of survival, even before efficiency. The British Standards Institute defines it as the "effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens." China alone has more than 300 smart city projects, with strong participation from industry and government offices. India, too, has allocated trillions in the budget to build more than 100 smart cities. The development of the modern industry since the late 18th century has inevitably produced massive urbanization and led to the growth of new large cities, both in Europe and the Americas and in other parts of the world. The new opportunities produced high numbers of immigrants from rural communities to urban areas. Today about half the world's population is urban, with millions of people continuing to pour into the growing cities of Asia, Africa, and Latin America each year. As a result, there has been increased speculation and mismanagement of available resources due to a gradually less and less reversible trend of populated cities, which therefore needs strong interventions and actions that have a vision of transforming cities into Smart Cities, not just analyzing short-term benefits. In the era of globalization, it is increasingly essential, to generate a minimization of the waste of available resources, only by optimizing the management and implementing initiatives of the Administrator, local and otherwise, which are focused on investments in Innovation, Change Management, the use of digital new technologies and the application of these in different areas and sectors, generating new business models. This thesis work fits into this context and is aimed at outlining innovative business models for the Smart Cities of the future, understood as smart and efficient communities and ecosystems that use digital technologies to respond to the growing waste of resources, environmental impact unsustainable environment, and the inefficiency of traditional processes. Despite the growing interest in Smart Cities, it remains difficult to adopt this paradigm due to digital transformation, interaction strategies, and social and cultural problems. Therefore, the thesis work aims to break down barriers to these problems and support literature and management to understand how to implement profitable business models for the Smart Cities of the future. Specifically, four main areas that characterize Smart Cities (i.e., Smart Mobility, Smart Living, Smart Energy, and Smart Public Ecosystems) were identified. For each of these, innovative business models as well as the most appropriate strategies for solving problems related to digital transformation (e.g., how to integrate digital technologies into innovative business models for Smart Cities), interaction strategies (e.g., how to organize innovative ecosystems involving public and private actors to promote Smart Cities), and society and culture (e.g., how to instill in all stakeholders a culture toward Smart City through change management and communication practices). With these findings, the thesis work aims to enrich scientific knowledge on the Smart City paradigm through a business model theory-based perspective and offer in-depth guidelines for public administrations to transition to Smart Cities.
Nell’era del consumismo, dello spreco o della cattiva gestione di risorse, dell’impatto negativo sull’ecological footprint, ma anche nell’era delle tecnologie digitali avanzate, risulta facile ed irreversibile pensare allo sviluppo della Città in comunità ed ecosistemi intelligenti ed efficienti in ottica di sopravvivenza, ancor prima che di efficienza. Il British Standards Institute lo definisce come “un'efficace integrazione dei sistemi fisici, digitali e umani nell'ambiente costruito per offrire un futuro sostenibile, prospero e inclusivo ai suoi cittadini”. La sola Cina ha oltre 300 progetti di città intelligenti, con una forte partecipazione di industrie e uffici governativi. Anche l'India ha stanziato trilioni di budget per costruire oltre 100 città intelligenti. Difatti, lo sviluppo della moderna industria a partire dalla fine del XVIII secolo ha inevitabilmente prodotto massicce urbanizzazioni e portato alla crescita di nuove grandi città, sia in Europa sia nelle Americhe sia nelle altre parti del mondo: le nuove opportunità producevano infatti un alto numero di immigranti dalle comunità rurali nelle aree urbane. Oggi circa metà della popolazione mondiale è urbana, con milioni di persone che ogni anno continuano a riversarsi nelle città in crescita dell'Asia, dell'Africa e dell'America Latina. Di conseguenza, è aumentato lo speco e la mala gestione delle risorse a disposizione, dovuta ad un trend man mano sempre meno reversibile di popolamento delle città, che quindi ha bisogno di forti interventi ed azioni che abbiano una visione di trasformazione delle città in Smart City, non solo analizzando i benefici a breve termine. Nell'epoca della globalizzazione, risulta sempre più essenziale, generare una minimizzazione dello spreco di risorse disponibili, solo ottimizzando la gestione e attuando iniziative dell’Amministratore, locale e non, che siano incentrate su investimenti in Innovazione, sul Change Management, sull’utilizzo delle nuovetecnologie digitali e sull’applicazione di queste ultime nei diversi ambiti e settori, generando dei nuovi modelli di Business. Il lavoro di tesi si inserisce in questo contesto ed è volto a delineare i modelli di business innovativi per le Smart Cities del futuro, intese come comunità ed ecosistemi intelligenti ed efficienti che utilizzano tecnologie digitali per rispondere al crescente spreco di risorse, all'impatto ambientale insostenibile e all'inefficienza dei processi tradizionali. Nonostante il crescente interesse verso le Smart Cities, resta ancora difficile adottare questo paradigma a causa della trasformazione digitale, delle strategie di interazione, dei problemi sociali e culturali. Pertanto il lavoro di tesi mira ad abbattere le barriere a questi problemi e supportare la letteratura e il management per capire come implementare modelli di business redditizi per le Smart Cities del futuro. Nello specifico, sono state identificate quattro aree principali che caratterizzano le Smart Cities (ovvero Smart Mobility, Smart Living, Smart Energy e Smart Public Ecosystems). Per ognuna di queste sono stati indicati i modelli di business innovativi nonché le strategie più opportune per risolvere i problemi relativi a trasformazione digitale (es., come integrare le tecnologie digitali in modelli di business innovativi per Smart City), strategie di interazione (es., come organizzare ecosistemi innovativi che coinvolgano attori pubblici e privati per promuovere le Smart Cities), e società e cultura (es., come infondere in tutti gli stakeholder una cultura verso la Smart City attraverso pratiche di gestione del cambiamento e di comunicazione). Con questi risultati il lavoro di tesi si propone di arricchire le conoscenze scientifiche sul paradigma Smart City attraverso una prospettiva basata sulla teoria del modello di business e di offrire alle pubbliche amministrazioni linee guida approfondite per la transizione verso le Smart Cities.
MODELLI DI BUSINESS INNOVATIVI PER LE SMART CITIY DEL FUTURO
CARPENTIERE, COSIMO DAMIANO
2021/2022
Abstract
In the age of consumerism, wasteful or mismanagement of resources, negative impact on ecological footprint, but also in the age of advanced digital technologies, it is easy and irreversible to think of the development of the City into smart and efficient communities and ecosystems from the perspective of survival, even before efficiency. The British Standards Institute defines it as the "effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens." China alone has more than 300 smart city projects, with strong participation from industry and government offices. India, too, has allocated trillions in the budget to build more than 100 smart cities. The development of the modern industry since the late 18th century has inevitably produced massive urbanization and led to the growth of new large cities, both in Europe and the Americas and in other parts of the world. The new opportunities produced high numbers of immigrants from rural communities to urban areas. Today about half the world's population is urban, with millions of people continuing to pour into the growing cities of Asia, Africa, and Latin America each year. As a result, there has been increased speculation and mismanagement of available resources due to a gradually less and less reversible trend of populated cities, which therefore needs strong interventions and actions that have a vision of transforming cities into Smart Cities, not just analyzing short-term benefits. In the era of globalization, it is increasingly essential, to generate a minimization of the waste of available resources, only by optimizing the management and implementing initiatives of the Administrator, local and otherwise, which are focused on investments in Innovation, Change Management, the use of digital new technologies and the application of these in different areas and sectors, generating new business models. This thesis work fits into this context and is aimed at outlining innovative business models for the Smart Cities of the future, understood as smart and efficient communities and ecosystems that use digital technologies to respond to the growing waste of resources, environmental impact unsustainable environment, and the inefficiency of traditional processes. Despite the growing interest in Smart Cities, it remains difficult to adopt this paradigm due to digital transformation, interaction strategies, and social and cultural problems. Therefore, the thesis work aims to break down barriers to these problems and support literature and management to understand how to implement profitable business models for the Smart Cities of the future. Specifically, four main areas that characterize Smart Cities (i.e., Smart Mobility, Smart Living, Smart Energy, and Smart Public Ecosystems) were identified. For each of these, innovative business models as well as the most appropriate strategies for solving problems related to digital transformation (e.g., how to integrate digital technologies into innovative business models for Smart Cities), interaction strategies (e.g., how to organize innovative ecosystems involving public and private actors to promote Smart Cities), and society and culture (e.g., how to instill in all stakeholders a culture toward Smart City through change management and communication practices). With these findings, the thesis work aims to enrich scientific knowledge on the Smart City paradigm through a business model theory-based perspective and offer in-depth guidelines for public administrations to transition to Smart Cities.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/85925