A rotating machine is a machine with a component that transfers energy to a fluid or vice versa through rotational motion. Nowadays, humans rely on rotating machines for daily life applications, from household appliances and vehicles to industrial usage. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of rotating machines is of paramount importance. Maintenance encompasses all the actions taken to ensure the reliability, safety, and efficiency of machines. In particular, condition monitoring is an essential practice in all industrial sectors as it enables the assessment of the condition of machine components, facilitating precise actions to prevent, predict, and rectify faults. Among the various types of faults that can affect rotating machines, bearing-related issues are of significant concern. The importance of understanding bearing defects and damages stems not only from the frequency at which these components cause breakdowns but most of all from their extensive use. It is estimated that, worldwide, nearly 10 billion bearings are manufactured every year, with approximately 50 million replacements attributed to failure. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent such faults and detect them at early stages to avoid shutdowns and hazardous situations. Over the past century, as the complexity of rotating machines has increased, researchers have developed more and more sophisticated techniques to identify bearing damages. The most widely used approach consists of vibration monitoring, that is the analysis of the accelerations produced by a machine over time, done to evaluate any change compared to normal operating conditions. This final project focuses on the methods used in vibration monitoring for bearings fault detections. It originates from the curricular internship experience conducted at the Cyber Physical Systems laboratory, which is a collaborative initiative between Politecnico di Bari and AROL S.p.A., a globally recognized company specializing in the design, production, and distribution of closing and capping systems. During this internship, I had the opportunity not only to explore the field of vibration monitoring but also to apply these techniques directly to a test bench. The goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of different sensors in detecting and identifying artificial damages in ball bearings and mounting defects. Numerous tests have been conducted with the ultimate aim of laying the foundation for the implementation of condition monitoring techniques in AROL's machines, in such a way as to enhance the services offered to customers, offering the opportunity to improve plants performance and products quality.
Una macchina rotante è una macchina con un componente che trasferisce energia a un fluido o viceversa attraverso il movimento rotatorio. Oggi, gli esseri umani si affidano alle macchine rotanti per le applicazioni della vita quotidiana, dagli elettrodomestici ai veicoli e all'uso industriale. Pertanto, garantire l'affidabilità delle macchine rotanti è di primaria importanza. La manutenzione comprende tutte le azioni intraprese per garantire l'affidabilità, la sicurezza e l'efficienza delle macchine. In particolare, il condition monitoring è una pratica essenziale in tutti i settori industriali in quanto consente la valutazione delle condizioni dei componenti delle macchine, facilitando azioni precise per prevenire, prevedere e correggere guasti. Tra i vari tipi di guasti che possono interessare le macchine rotanti, i problemi legati ai cuscinetti sono di notevole interesse. L'importanza della comprensione dei difetti e dei danni ai cuscinetti deriva non solo dalla frequenza con cui questi componenti causano guasti, ma soprattutto dal loro ampio utilizzo. Si stima che, in tutto il mondo, vengano prodotti quasi 10 miliardi di cuscinetti ogni anno, con circa 50 milioni di sostituzioni attribuite a guasti. Pertanto, è cruciale prevenire tali guasti e rilevarli in fase iniziale per evitare arresti e situazioni pericolose. Nel corso del secolo scorso, all'aumentare della complessità delle macchine rotanti, i ricercatori hanno sviluppato tecniche sempre più sofisticate per identificare i danni ai cuscinetti. L'approccio più ampiamente utilizzato consiste nel monitoraggio delle vibrazioni, ovvero l'analisi delle accelerazioni prodotte da una macchina nel tempo, effettuata per valutare eventuali variazioni rispetto alle normali condizioni operative. Questo elaborato si concentra sui metodi utilizzati nel monitoraggio delle vibrazioni per la rilevazione dei guasti ai cuscinetti. Ha origine dall'esperienza di tirocinio curriculare svolta presso il laboratorio Cyber Physical Systems, nato da una collaborazione tra il Politecnico di Bari e AROL S.p.A., un'azienda di fama mondiale specializzata nella progettazione, produzione e distribuzione di sistemi di chiusura e tappatura. Durante questo stage, ho avuto l'opportunità non solo di esplorare il campo del monitoraggio delle vibrazioni, ma anche di applicare direttamente queste tecniche a un banco prova. L'obiettivo era valutare l'efficacia di diversi sensori nel rilevare e identificare danni artificiali nei cuscinetti a sfere e difetti di montaggio. In quest'ottica sono stati condotti numerosi test con lo scopo finale di gettare le basi per l'implementazione di tecniche di monitoraggio delle condizioni nelle macchine di AROL, in modo da migliorare i servizi offerti ai clienti, le prestazioni degli impianti e la qualità dei prodotti.
INDAGINE SUI METODI DI IDENTIFICAZIONE DEI GUASTI SU UN ASSE TAPPANTE E ANALISI DI DATI DI VIBRAZIONE DI UN CASO REALE
RUSSO, ALESSIA MARIA
2021/2022
Abstract
A rotating machine is a machine with a component that transfers energy to a fluid or vice versa through rotational motion. Nowadays, humans rely on rotating machines for daily life applications, from household appliances and vehicles to industrial usage. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of rotating machines is of paramount importance. Maintenance encompasses all the actions taken to ensure the reliability, safety, and efficiency of machines. In particular, condition monitoring is an essential practice in all industrial sectors as it enables the assessment of the condition of machine components, facilitating precise actions to prevent, predict, and rectify faults. Among the various types of faults that can affect rotating machines, bearing-related issues are of significant concern. The importance of understanding bearing defects and damages stems not only from the frequency at which these components cause breakdowns but most of all from their extensive use. It is estimated that, worldwide, nearly 10 billion bearings are manufactured every year, with approximately 50 million replacements attributed to failure. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent such faults and detect them at early stages to avoid shutdowns and hazardous situations. Over the past century, as the complexity of rotating machines has increased, researchers have developed more and more sophisticated techniques to identify bearing damages. The most widely used approach consists of vibration monitoring, that is the analysis of the accelerations produced by a machine over time, done to evaluate any change compared to normal operating conditions. This final project focuses on the methods used in vibration monitoring for bearings fault detections. It originates from the curricular internship experience conducted at the Cyber Physical Systems laboratory, which is a collaborative initiative between Politecnico di Bari and AROL S.p.A., a globally recognized company specializing in the design, production, and distribution of closing and capping systems. During this internship, I had the opportunity not only to explore the field of vibration monitoring but also to apply these techniques directly to a test bench. The goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of different sensors in detecting and identifying artificial damages in ball bearings and mounting defects. Numerous tests have been conducted with the ultimate aim of laying the foundation for the implementation of condition monitoring techniques in AROL's machines, in such a way as to enhance the services offered to customers, offering the opportunity to improve plants performance and products quality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/81412