Given the fallible nature of human supervision, we are trying to move from the traditional mechanisms of light signaling, which must be interpreted by drivers, to modern control systems computerized (computer-based) based on signals that can be interpreted independently by the board control system. Decades of research have allowed us to develop a sufficiently secure control system that made possible the diffusion of the so-called High Speed (AV) trains. The AV represented the first case of a railway system in Italy, and not only, to replace all the light signals with "virtual" signals; the train, which operates at high speed, receives information thanks to data packets transmitted over wireless networks. It must be said that also the management of traditional signaling logics, finalized essentially to activate the light signals and move the switches, it is progressively shifting from a realization via relays (electromechanical devices) to so-called computer systems (inter-locking). However, for the automation to be complete, even the transmission of signals from the ground to board must be implemented through digital data processing and communication protocols. This is what happens in Automatic Train Protection (ATP) systems, in which the on-board system receives virtual signals and to automatically disactivate any movement in case of danger. These signals are sent through appropriate data packages that contain, among other information, the distance that shall be established between trains to ensure safety and speed limitations of the route. The modern ERTMS / ETCS standard belongs to the category of advanced ATP systems: the speed of the train is supervised by the system to such an extent that the driver only needs to follow the indications that they appear on the on-board instrumentation, or on the DMI (Driver Machine Interface) cockpit; such standard, created with the aim of improving the performance, safety, reliability and interoperability of the lines.
Data la natura fallibile della supervisione umana, si sta cercando di passare dai tradizionali meccanismi di segnalazione luminosa, che devono essere interpretati dai conducenti, a moderni sistemi di controllo computerizzati basati su segnali che possono essere interpretati in modo indipendente dal controllo della scheda di sistema. Decenni di ricerca ci hanno permesso di sviluppare un sistema di controllo sufficientemente sicuro che ha reso possibile la diffusione dei cosiddetti treni ad alta velocità (AV). L'AV rappresentava il primo caso di un sistema ferroviario in Italia, e non solo, per sostituire tutti i segnali luminosi con segnali "virtuali"; il treno, che opera ad alta velocità, riceve informazioni grazie a pacchetti di dati trasmessi su reti wireless. Va detto che anche la gestione delle logiche di segnalazione tradizionali, finalizzate essenzialmente ad attivare i segnali luminosi e spostare gli interruttori, si sta progressivamente spostando da una realizzazione tramite relè (dispositivi elettromeccanici) a cosiddetti sistemi informatici (inter-locking). Tuttavia, affinché l'automazione sia completa, anche la trasmissione dei segnali da terra a bordo deve essere implementata attraverso l'elaborazione digitale dei dati e i protocolli di comunicazione. Questo è ciò che accade nei sistemi ATP (Automatic Train Protection), in cui il sistema di bordo riceve segnali virtuali e disattiva automaticamente qualsiasi movimento in caso di pericolo. Questi segnali vengono inviati attraverso pacchetti dati appropriati che contengono, tra le altre informazioni, la distanza che deve essere stabilita tra i treni per garantire la sicurezza e i limiti di velocità del percorso.Il moderno standard ERTMS / ETCS appartiene alla categoria dei sistemi ATP avanzati: la velocità del treno è supervisionata dal sistema in misura tale che il conducente deve solo seguire le indicazioni che compaiono sulla strumentazione di bordo, o su la cabina di pilotaggio DMI (Driver Machine Interface); tale standard è creato con l'obiettivo di migliorare le prestazioni, la sicurezza, l'affidabilità e l'interoperabilità delle linee.
SEGNALAMENTO FERROVIARIO ERTMS/ETCS
GOJKOVIC, JOVANA
2018/2019
Abstract
Given the fallible nature of human supervision, we are trying to move from the traditional mechanisms of light signaling, which must be interpreted by drivers, to modern control systems computerized (computer-based) based on signals that can be interpreted independently by the board control system. Decades of research have allowed us to develop a sufficiently secure control system that made possible the diffusion of the so-called High Speed (AV) trains. The AV represented the first case of a railway system in Italy, and not only, to replace all the light signals with "virtual" signals; the train, which operates at high speed, receives information thanks to data packets transmitted over wireless networks. It must be said that also the management of traditional signaling logics, finalized essentially to activate the light signals and move the switches, it is progressively shifting from a realization via relays (electromechanical devices) to so-called computer systems (inter-locking). However, for the automation to be complete, even the transmission of signals from the ground to board must be implemented through digital data processing and communication protocols. This is what happens in Automatic Train Protection (ATP) systems, in which the on-board system receives virtual signals and to automatically disactivate any movement in case of danger. These signals are sent through appropriate data packages that contain, among other information, the distance that shall be established between trains to ensure safety and speed limitations of the route. The modern ERTMS / ETCS standard belongs to the category of advanced ATP systems: the speed of the train is supervised by the system to such an extent that the driver only needs to follow the indications that they appear on the on-board instrumentation, or on the DMI (Driver Machine Interface) cockpit; such standard, created with the aim of improving the performance, safety, reliability and interoperability of the lines.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/80221