Modern telecommunications networks have become the cornerstone of our daily lives, supporting a wide range of devices, from household applications to critical infrastructures in sectors such as healthcare, energy, and transportation. Technological evolution and increasing connectivity have made it essential to ensure the security of these networks, driving the field of computer engineering to develop increasingly advanced solutions in the realm of cybersecurity. Ethical hacking emerges as one of the main approaches to identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in information systems, using techniques and tools similar to those of cybercriminals, but with the goal of strengthening security. This thesis aims to explore fundamental concepts in the field of cybersecurity, starting with the basics of ethical hacking and analyzing in detail the vulnerabilities that can compromise the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of data. The discussion delves into the preliminary stages of mapping the attack surface of a network, such as footprinting, reconnaissance, and scanning, leading to enumeration, which allows for detailed information on target systems and the identification of risk areas. In particular, the importance of securing critical infrastructures cannot be underestimated: a cyberattack can not only disrupt essential services but also erode public trust and jeopardize national security. For this reason, the adoption of defensive technologies such as firewalls, IDS, and IPS has become a priority in network architecture, forming a solid barrier against cyber threats. The experimental part of this thesis focuses on a project carried out in collaboration with the company BV Tech, with the aim of enhancing the security of a private network through the development of a ‘network discovery’ functionality. This tool was designed to automatically inspect a specific target, precisely identifying the network components and their vulnerabilities. Based on the collected data, a script was developed to translate this information into rules for configuring a firewall, thus optimizing network protection. The experimental activity included the configuration of a complex virtual environment, comprising virtual machines for administration, testing, and scanning, as well as the development of automated tools to analyze the target and generate a rule set for the firewall. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of a systematic approach to network defense, combining theory and practice to concretely address the challenges of cybersecurity.
Le reti di telecomunicazione moderne sono diventate il fulcro della nostra vita quotidiana, supportando una vasta gamma di dispositivi, dalle applicazioni domestiche fino alle infrastrutture critiche di settori come sanità, energia e trasporti. L'evoluzione tecnologica e la crescente connettività hanno reso indispensabile garantire la sicurezza di queste reti, spingendo il settore dell'ingegneria informatica a sviluppare soluzioni sempre più avanzate nel campo della cybersecurity. L'hacking etico emerge come uno degli approcci principali per identificare e mitigare le vulnerabilità dei sistemi informativi, utilizzando tecniche e strumenti simili a quelli dei cybercriminali ma con l’obiettivo di rafforzare la sicurezza. Questa tesi si propone di esplorare concetti fondamentali nel campo della cybersecurity, partendo dalle basi dell'hacking etico e analizzando in dettaglio le vulnerabilità che possono compromettere l'integrità, la disponibilità e la confidenzialità dei dati. La discussione approfondisce le fasi preliminari per mappare la superficie d'attacco di una rete, come il footprinting, la reconnaissance e la scansione, fino ad arrivare all'enumerazione, che consente di ottenere informazioni dettagliate sui sistemi target e di identificare le aree di rischio. In particolare, l'importanza di garantire la sicurezza delle infrastrutture critiche non può essere sottovalutata: un attacco informatico può non solo compromettere la continuità dei servizi essenziali, ma anche minare la fiducia del pubblico e mettere a repentaglio la sicurezza nazionale. Per questo motivo, l'adozione di tecnologie difensive come firewall, IDS e IPS è diventata una priorità nell'architettura di rete, costituendo una solida barriera contro le minacce informatiche. La parte sperimentale di questa tesi si focalizza su un progetto realizzato in collaborazione con l'azienda BV Tech, con l'obiettivo di potenziare la sicurezza di una rete privata attraverso lo sviluppo di una funzionalità di ‘network discovery’. Questo strumento è stato concepito per eseguire un'ispezione automatica di un target specifico, identificando con precisione le componenti della rete e le loro vulnerabilità. Basandosi sui dati raccolti, è stato poi sviluppato uno script in grado di tradurre queste informazioni in regole per configurare un firewall, ottimizzando così la protezione della rete. L'attività sperimentale ha incluso la configurazione di un ambiente virtuale complesso, comprendente macchine virtuali per amministrazione, test e scansione, nonché lo sviluppo di strumenti automatizzati per analizzare il target e generare un set di regole per il firewall. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano l'efficacia di un approccio sistematico alla difesa delle reti, combinando teoria e pratica per affrontare in modo concreto le sfide della cybersecurity.
FRAMEWORK DI SICUREZZA ADATTATIVO BASATO SULLE VULNERABILITÀ PER DIFENDERE COMPONENTI DI RETI
CARAVELLA, MICHELE
2023/2024
Abstract
Modern telecommunications networks have become the cornerstone of our daily lives, supporting a wide range of devices, from household applications to critical infrastructures in sectors such as healthcare, energy, and transportation. Technological evolution and increasing connectivity have made it essential to ensure the security of these networks, driving the field of computer engineering to develop increasingly advanced solutions in the realm of cybersecurity. Ethical hacking emerges as one of the main approaches to identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in information systems, using techniques and tools similar to those of cybercriminals, but with the goal of strengthening security. This thesis aims to explore fundamental concepts in the field of cybersecurity, starting with the basics of ethical hacking and analyzing in detail the vulnerabilities that can compromise the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of data. The discussion delves into the preliminary stages of mapping the attack surface of a network, such as footprinting, reconnaissance, and scanning, leading to enumeration, which allows for detailed information on target systems and the identification of risk areas. In particular, the importance of securing critical infrastructures cannot be underestimated: a cyberattack can not only disrupt essential services but also erode public trust and jeopardize national security. For this reason, the adoption of defensive technologies such as firewalls, IDS, and IPS has become a priority in network architecture, forming a solid barrier against cyber threats. The experimental part of this thesis focuses on a project carried out in collaboration with the company BV Tech, with the aim of enhancing the security of a private network through the development of a ‘network discovery’ functionality. This tool was designed to automatically inspect a specific target, precisely identifying the network components and their vulnerabilities. Based on the collected data, a script was developed to translate this information into rules for configuring a firewall, thus optimizing network protection. The experimental activity included the configuration of a complex virtual environment, comprising virtual machines for administration, testing, and scanning, as well as the development of automated tools to analyze the target and generate a rule set for the firewall. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of a systematic approach to network defense, combining theory and practice to concretely address the challenges of cybersecurity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
TESI M.Caravella_589176.pdf
File consultabile da postazioni biblioteca
Descrizione: Elaborato DEFINITIVO di tesi
Dimensione
5.5 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.5 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/69488