The Thesis was an opportunity to explore the theme of landscape and territorial enhancement of the Tiber delta areas, developed within the framework agreement stipulated between the Ostia Antica Archaeological Park and the Department of Architecture, Construction and Design, (formerly of Civil Engineering and Architecture Sciences) of the Polytechnic of Bari, which was the subject of study of two Degree Laboratories already in 2018 and 2021. The topics addressed are defined by the European Landscape Convention as by the Faro Convention , and focus on the socialization of identity processes of cultural enhancement and have for years been at the center of the research of the Icar 19-Restoration Sector of the Polytechnic of Bari and of this Department. The present study, identifying in the archaeological system the cornerstone of a territory that preserves a very strong memory, both in terms of identity recognition and in terms of material emergencies, has allowed to deepen the themes of relationship between the very high environmental, naturalistic and archaeological values present in the area, interconnected both logistically and culturally. In the present work, a very vast territory has been taken into consideration which presents enormous complexities; in fact, it is a highly stratified area where the anthropic activities of land management and exploitation have overlapped with very fragile territorial systems and archaeological superimpositions of extremely high value. The anthropic pressure linked to the mouth of the Tiber to the sea has historically defined this area as the natural preferential access gate of the Urbe, which translates into a very strong archaeological presence of the Roman period with two distinct cities surrounding the two mouths and the two ports of the Tiber: Ostia on what today takes the name of "Fiumara Grande" with its river port and Porto on the ports of Claudius and Trajan, served by the Fossa Traianea (today the "Fiumara Piccola"). Even today, after the many reclamation interventions for the agricultural exploitation of the fertile areas deriving from centuries of alluvial deposits, the first road infrastructure, then production and finally with the installation of the large airport grounds and the consequent large commercial areas that gravitate on this, the Tiber coast continues to fulfill its original role of "threshold of the city". In this context of strong stratifications that have distorted the structure of the territory, heavily modifying the altitudes of the land (and even the altitude of the Trajanic basin), the study of the Laboratory has been able to identify enormous potentialities that are only partially exploited and sometimes not recognized up to the risk of dispersion and loss both in the landscape and environmental context and in the archaeological one. From this point of view, the main criticality has been recognized precisely in the inability to recognize a link between the parts of a single territory deriving from an identical genesis and subject to identical behaviors (natural and socio-economic). Precisely this dichotomy was the fulcrum of the analysis of the Laboratory. The separation at an administrative level, but also the division of public and private areas as in the emblematic case of the Port of Claudius and the Port of Trajan, constituted the core of the design activity in which the Orrea Severiani were identified as the hinge of the various elements and tattered fabrics, finding a key that allows the restoration, at the minimum of a perceptive and visual nature, of a territorial identity unity of historical, archaeological and landscape value as a prodrome of the reconnection of the Tiberian coastal system.
Il Laboratorio di Laurea è stato l’occasione di approfondire il tema della valorizzazione paesaggistica e territoriale delle aree del delta del Tevere, sviluppato in seno all’accordo quadro stipulato tra il Parco archeologico di Ostia antica ed il Dipartimento di Architettura, Costruzione e Design, (già di Scienze dell’Ingegneria Civile e dell’Architettura) del Politecnico di Bari, che è stato oggetto di studio di due Laboratori di Laurea già nel 2018 e 2021. I temi affrontati sono definiti dalla Convenzione Europea sul Paesaggio come dalla convenzione di Faro, e si incentrano nella socializzazione dei processi identitari di valorizzazione culturale e sono da anni al centro delle ricerche del Settore Icar 19-Restauro del Politecnico di Bari e di questo Dipartimento. Il presente studio, identificando nel sistema archeologico il cardine portante di un territorio che conserva una memoria fortissima, sia in termini di riconoscimento identitario che in termini di emergenze materiali, ha consentito di approfondire le tematiche di relazione tra gli elevatissimi valori ambientali, naturalistici ed archeologici presenti nell’area, interconnessi sia logisticamente che culturalmente. Nel presente lavoro è stato preso in considerazione un territorio molto vasto e che presenta enormi complessità; infatti, si tratta di un’area fortemente stratificata dove le attività antropiche di gestione e sfruttamento del suolo si sono accavallate a sistemi territoriali molto fragili ed a sovrapposizioni archeologiche di elevatissimo valore. La pressione antropica legata allo sbocco al mare del Tevere ha storicamente definito quest’area come la naturale porta preferenziale di accesso dell’Urbe, il che si traduce con una fortissima presenza archeologica di periodo romano con ben due distinte città ad attorniare le due foci ed i due porti del Tevere: Ostia su quella che oggi prende il nome di “Fiumara Grande” con il suo porto fluviale e Porto sui porti di Claudio e Traiano, serviti dalla Fossa Traianea (oggi la “Fiumara Piccola”). Ancora oggi, dopo i molteplici interventi di bonifica per lo sfruttamento agrario delle aree fertili derivanti da secoli di depositi alluvionali, l’infrastrutturazione prima viaria, poi produttiva ed infine con l’impianto del grande sedime aeroportuale e delle conseguenti grandi aree commerciali che gravitano su questo, il litorale tiberino continua ad assolvere il suo ruolo originario di “soglia dell’urbe”. In questo contesto di forti stratificazioni che hanno stravolto la struttura del territorio, modificando pesantemente le quote del terreno (e perfino la quota del bacino traianeo), lo studio del Laboratorio ha potuto identificare grandissime potenzialità solo parzialmente valorizzate e talvolta non riconosciute fino al rischio di dispersione e perdita sia nel contesto paesaggistico ed ambientale che in quello archeologico. In quest’ottica la principale criticità è stata riconosciuta proprio nell’incapacità di riconoscere un legame tra le parti di un’ unico territorio derivante da un’identica genesi e soggetto ad identici comportamenti (naturali e socio-economici). Proprio questa dicotomia è stata il fulcro dell’analisi del Laboratorio. La separazione a livello amministrativo, ma anche la divisione di aree pubbliche e private come nel caso emblematico del Porto di Claudio e del Porto di Traiano, hanno costituito il nocciolo dell’attività progettuale in cui gli Orrea Severiani sono stati identificati come cerniera dei diversi elementi e tessuti smagliati trovando una chiave che consenta il ripristino, al minimo di carattere percettivo e visuale, di un’unitarietà territoriale identitaria di valore storico, archeologico e paesaggistico quale prodromo della riconnessione il sistema costiero tiberino in un unico alveo.
PAESAGGI ARCHEOLOGICI DEL DELTA DEL TEVERE 2
TATTOLI, DOROTEA
2022/2023
Abstract
The Thesis was an opportunity to explore the theme of landscape and territorial enhancement of the Tiber delta areas, developed within the framework agreement stipulated between the Ostia Antica Archaeological Park and the Department of Architecture, Construction and Design, (formerly of Civil Engineering and Architecture Sciences) of the Polytechnic of Bari, which was the subject of study of two Degree Laboratories already in 2018 and 2021. The topics addressed are defined by the European Landscape Convention as by the Faro Convention , and focus on the socialization of identity processes of cultural enhancement and have for years been at the center of the research of the Icar 19-Restoration Sector of the Polytechnic of Bari and of this Department. The present study, identifying in the archaeological system the cornerstone of a territory that preserves a very strong memory, both in terms of identity recognition and in terms of material emergencies, has allowed to deepen the themes of relationship between the very high environmental, naturalistic and archaeological values present in the area, interconnected both logistically and culturally. In the present work, a very vast territory has been taken into consideration which presents enormous complexities; in fact, it is a highly stratified area where the anthropic activities of land management and exploitation have overlapped with very fragile territorial systems and archaeological superimpositions of extremely high value. The anthropic pressure linked to the mouth of the Tiber to the sea has historically defined this area as the natural preferential access gate of the Urbe, which translates into a very strong archaeological presence of the Roman period with two distinct cities surrounding the two mouths and the two ports of the Tiber: Ostia on what today takes the name of "Fiumara Grande" with its river port and Porto on the ports of Claudius and Trajan, served by the Fossa Traianea (today the "Fiumara Piccola"). Even today, after the many reclamation interventions for the agricultural exploitation of the fertile areas deriving from centuries of alluvial deposits, the first road infrastructure, then production and finally with the installation of the large airport grounds and the consequent large commercial areas that gravitate on this, the Tiber coast continues to fulfill its original role of "threshold of the city". In this context of strong stratifications that have distorted the structure of the territory, heavily modifying the altitudes of the land (and even the altitude of the Trajanic basin), the study of the Laboratory has been able to identify enormous potentialities that are only partially exploited and sometimes not recognized up to the risk of dispersion and loss both in the landscape and environmental context and in the archaeological one. From this point of view, the main criticality has been recognized precisely in the inability to recognize a link between the parts of a single territory deriving from an identical genesis and subject to identical behaviors (natural and socio-economic). Precisely this dichotomy was the fulcrum of the analysis of the Laboratory. The separation at an administrative level, but also the division of public and private areas as in the emblematic case of the Port of Claudius and the Port of Trajan, constituted the core of the design activity in which the Orrea Severiani were identified as the hinge of the various elements and tattered fabrics, finding a key that allows the restoration, at the minimum of a perceptive and visual nature, of a territorial identity unity of historical, archaeological and landscape value as a prodrome of the reconnection of the Tiberian coastal system.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/68607