Temporary and mobile construction sites are among the workplaces most exposed to risks to workers' health and safety, due to the complexity of the work and operational interference. For this reason, in addition to compliance with safety regulations by the contractors, proper and informed safety planning is essential, starting from the preliminary stages of the project. This involves drafting documents such as the Safety and Coordination Plan, risk analysis, construction site layout, and safety cost estimates. Careful planning and appropriate safety cost calculations help reduce interference risks, improve construction site organization, and limit the occurrence of accidents and unforeseen events through the adoption of appropriate preventative, protective, and organizational measures. However, in operational practice, safety is often perceived by companies as a mere additional cost or a bureaucratic requirement imposed by the Contracting Authority, rather than as an investment capable of generating benefits in terms of efficiency, reduction of indirect costs, and containment of civil and criminal liability. The new Public Contracts Code (Legislative Decree no. 36/2023) reaffirms the central role of safety, establishing that related costs are not subject to auction discounts, making them an essential element of the financial offer. In this context, this paper analyzes the current regulatory framework regarding safety on construction sites and the requirements contained in the General Contract Conditions applicable to railway procurement. Finally, through a case study relating to a typical railway construction site, a safety cost estimate and the consequent sizing of the construction site layout are developed, in order to demonstrate the practical applicability of the adopted methodology and the importance of integrated and conscious safety planning.
I cantieri temporanei e mobili rappresentano uno degli ambiti lavorativi a maggiore esposizione al rischio per la salute e la sicurezza dei lavoratori, a causa della complessità delle lavorazioni e delle interferenze operative. Per tale motivo, oltre al rispetto delle prescrizioni di sicurezza da parte delle imprese esecutrici, risulta fondamentale una corretta e consapevole progettazione della sicurezza già nelle fasi preliminari dell’intervento, attraverso la redazione di elaborati quali il Piano di Sicurezza e Coordinamento, l’analisi dei rischi, il layout di cantiere e la stima dei costi della sicurezza. Una progettazione accurata e una congrua computazione dei costi della sicurezza consentono di ridurre i rischi interferenziali, migliorare l’organizzazione del cantiere e limitare il verificarsi di infortuni e imprevisti, mediante l’adozione di misure preventive, protettive e organizzative adeguate. Tuttavia, nella pratica operativa, la sicurezza è spesso percepita dalle imprese come un mero costo aggiuntivo o un adempimento burocratico imposto dalla Stazione Appaltante, piuttosto che come un investimento capace di generare benefici in termini di efficienza, riduzione dei costi indiretti e contenimento delle responsabilità civili e penali. Il nuovo Codice dei Contratti Pubblici (D.lgs. n. 36/2023) ribadisce il ruolo centrale della sicurezza, stabilendo che i relativi costi non siano soggetti a ribasso d’asta, configurandoli come elemento imprescindibile dell’offerta economica. In tale contesto, il presente elaborato analizza il quadro normativo vigente in materia di sicurezza nei cantieri e le prescrizioni contenute nelle Condizioni Generali di Contratto applicabili agli appalti ferroviari. Infine, attraverso un caso studio relativo a un cantiere ferroviario tipo, viene sviluppata una stima dei costi della sicurezza e il conseguente dimensionamento del layout di cantiere, al fine di dimostrare l’applicabilità pratica della metodologia adottata e l’importanza di una progettazione della sicurezza integrata e consapevole.
DETERMINAZIONE DEI COSTI DI SICUREZZA DI UN PSC RELATIVO ALL'ESEMPLIFICAZIONE DI UN CANTIERE FERROVIARIO
CERCHIARA, FILIPPO ANTONIO
2024/2025
Abstract
Temporary and mobile construction sites are among the workplaces most exposed to risks to workers' health and safety, due to the complexity of the work and operational interference. For this reason, in addition to compliance with safety regulations by the contractors, proper and informed safety planning is essential, starting from the preliminary stages of the project. This involves drafting documents such as the Safety and Coordination Plan, risk analysis, construction site layout, and safety cost estimates. Careful planning and appropriate safety cost calculations help reduce interference risks, improve construction site organization, and limit the occurrence of accidents and unforeseen events through the adoption of appropriate preventative, protective, and organizational measures. However, in operational practice, safety is often perceived by companies as a mere additional cost or a bureaucratic requirement imposed by the Contracting Authority, rather than as an investment capable of generating benefits in terms of efficiency, reduction of indirect costs, and containment of civil and criminal liability. The new Public Contracts Code (Legislative Decree no. 36/2023) reaffirms the central role of safety, establishing that related costs are not subject to auction discounts, making them an essential element of the financial offer. In this context, this paper analyzes the current regulatory framework regarding safety on construction sites and the requirements contained in the General Contract Conditions applicable to railway procurement. Finally, through a case study relating to a typical railway construction site, a safety cost estimate and the consequent sizing of the construction site layout are developed, in order to demonstrate the practical applicability of the adopted methodology and the importance of integrated and conscious safety planning.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/68449