This thesis analyzes the environmental and social impacts associated with polypropylene packaging, with particular reference to the comparison between inshore and offshore production models. Polypropylene is one of the most widely used thermoplastic polymers globally, especially in the packaging sector, and is characterized by a very short lifespan and high rates of waste generation, both pre-consumer and post-consumer. The research adopts an integrated analytical approach. First, a study based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analyses from the literature is conducted, aimed at comparing the environmental performance of virgin and recycled polypropylene across the entire life cycle of the product, from raw material extraction to end-of-life management. The results highlight the predominant role of the upstream phase, particularly propylene monomer production, as well as the environmental benefits associated with mechanical recycling compared to less sustainable disposal options, such as incineration and landfill. Secondly, the study expands the perspective through the application of the Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) framework, used as a tool to compare production models located in different geographical contexts. In particular, the analysis aims to compare the inshore model, represented by production in Italy, with offshore models related to the main exporting countries to Italy and the European Union, including Germany, the United States, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. To this end, a structured evaluation system has been developed, based on the use of social and environmental indicators, normalized and subsequently aggregated through a weighting model, allowing the construction of a synthetic index comparable across different geographical contexts. The results demonstrate that the sustainability of polypropylene packaging cannot be assessed solely in environmental terms, but requires an integrated approach that also considers social aspects. Although the use of recycled material helps reduce environmental impacts, the continued need for virgin polymer, due to technical and regulatory constraints, makes the geographical location of production processes a key factor. In this context, countries characterized by a more sustainable energy mix and higher social standards generally emerge as more favorable, while also taking into account the contribution of transport-related impacts and global trade dynamics. Overall, this thesis proposes an integrated analytical framework capable of supporting strategic decision-making aimed at the transition towards more sustainable and circular production systems and packaging models.
La presente tesi analizza gli impatti ambientali e sociali associati al packaging in Polipropilene, con particolare riferimento al confronto tra modelli produttivi inshore e offshore. Il Polipropilene rappresenta uno dei polimeri termoplastici più diffusi a livello globale, soprattutto nel settore del packaging, ed è caratterizzato da una vita utile estremamente breve e da elevati tassi di generazione di scarti, sia pre-consumo che post-consumo. La ricerca adotta un approccio analitico integrato: in primo luogo, viene condotto uno studio basato su analisi Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) da letteratura, finalizzato a confrontare le prestazioni ambientali del Polipropilene vergine e riciclato lungo l’intero ciclo di vita del prodotto, dall’estrazione delle materie prime fino alla gestione del fine vita. I risultati evidenziano il ruolo predominante della fase upstream, in particolare della produzione del monomero Propilene, nonché i benefici ambientali associati al riciclo meccanico rispetto a modalità di smaltimento meno sostenibili, come incenerimento e discarica. In secondo luogo, lo studio amplia la prospettiva mediante l’applicazione del framework del Social-Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), utilizzato come strumento per il confronto tra modelli produttivi localizzati in differenti contesti geografici; in particolare, l’analisi è finalizzata a confrontare il modello inshore, rappresentato dalla produzione in Italia, con modelli offshore relativi ai principali Paesi esportatori verso l’Italia e l'UE, tra cui Germania, Stati Uniti, Arabia Saudita e Corea del Sud. A tal fine, è stato sviluppato un sistema di valutazione strutturato, basato sull’utilizzo di indicatori sociali e ambientali normalizzati e successivamente aggregati mediante un modello di pesatura, che consente di ottenere un indice sintetico comparabile tra i diversi contesti geografici. I risultati dimostrano come la sostenibilità del packaging in Polipropilene non possa essere valutata esclusivamente in termini ambientali, ma richieda un approccio integrato che tenga conto anche di aspetti degli natura sociale; infatti, sebbene l’impiego di materiale riciclato consenta di ridurre gli impatti ambientali, la necessità di ricorrere ugualmente al polimero vergine, dovuta a limitazioni tecniche e normative, rende la localizzazione geografica dei processi produttivi un fattore determinante. In tale contesto, i Paesi caratterizzati da un mix energetico più sostenibile e da standard sociali più elevati risultano generalmente preferibili, pur considerando il contributo degli impatti legati ai trasporti e alle dinamiche del commercio internazionale. Nel complesso, la tesi propone un modello di analisi integrata in grado di supportare decisioni strategiche orientate alla transizione verso sistemi produttivi e modelli di packaging più sostenibili e circolari.
IMPATTI AMBIENTALI E SOCIALI DEL PACKAGING IN POLIPROPILENE: UN CONFRONTO TRA MODELLI PRODUTTIVI INSHORE E OFFSHORE
ALBANO, MARCO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis analyzes the environmental and social impacts associated with polypropylene packaging, with particular reference to the comparison between inshore and offshore production models. Polypropylene is one of the most widely used thermoplastic polymers globally, especially in the packaging sector, and is characterized by a very short lifespan and high rates of waste generation, both pre-consumer and post-consumer. The research adopts an integrated analytical approach. First, a study based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analyses from the literature is conducted, aimed at comparing the environmental performance of virgin and recycled polypropylene across the entire life cycle of the product, from raw material extraction to end-of-life management. The results highlight the predominant role of the upstream phase, particularly propylene monomer production, as well as the environmental benefits associated with mechanical recycling compared to less sustainable disposal options, such as incineration and landfill. Secondly, the study expands the perspective through the application of the Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) framework, used as a tool to compare production models located in different geographical contexts. In particular, the analysis aims to compare the inshore model, represented by production in Italy, with offshore models related to the main exporting countries to Italy and the European Union, including Germany, the United States, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. To this end, a structured evaluation system has been developed, based on the use of social and environmental indicators, normalized and subsequently aggregated through a weighting model, allowing the construction of a synthetic index comparable across different geographical contexts. The results demonstrate that the sustainability of polypropylene packaging cannot be assessed solely in environmental terms, but requires an integrated approach that also considers social aspects. Although the use of recycled material helps reduce environmental impacts, the continued need for virgin polymer, due to technical and regulatory constraints, makes the geographical location of production processes a key factor. In this context, countries characterized by a more sustainable energy mix and higher social standards generally emerge as more favorable, while also taking into account the contribution of transport-related impacts and global trade dynamics. Overall, this thesis proposes an integrated analytical framework capable of supporting strategic decision-making aimed at the transition towards more sustainable and circular production systems and packaging models.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/68438