The new generations of ships must face new challenges, especially in terms of energy efficiency, environmental impact, and greater reliability. One of the future goals of shipbuilding is to reduce the impact of ship emissions to meet current and future International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations on greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Today, the trend to design more efficient and versatile ships leads to the development of hybrid and electric propulsion systems employing medium-voltage electric motors, battery storage systems, and fuel cells. The management of medium-voltage electric motors on board ships represents one of the main challenges for new shipbuilders. Medium-voltage converters capable of handling high power and operating at medium voltages are required. For this reason, multilevel converters are seen as a promising solution compared to traditional two-level converters, thanks to their ability to reach medium and high voltages with established power device technologies and high-quality waveforms. However, the operation of the MMC presents some technical challenges related to its structure. These include the regulation of the circulating current, which, although part of the converter's internal dynamics and does not affect the output voltages and currents, increases power losses. Consequently, when the converter has to drive an electric motor, this circulating current must be reduced for every electric motor speed. The thesis work will focus on the modular multilevel converter. Specifically, the topic addressed will concern the analysis and implementation of modulation techniques with the dual purpose of: • Implementing advanced control techniques to drive the MMC when feeding an electric motor for naval applications • Reducing the circulating current inside the MMC as the speed of the electric motor used for propulsion varies. The theoretical analysis of the system will be supported by simulations in a software environment and by subsequent validation on a laboratory experimental setup, allowing the graduating student to learn about the various aspects and phases of the research lifecycle, and enabling the acquisition of a series of extremely fundamental skills for their future engineering career. The project fits into a framework of growing attention towards the development of technologies that encourage the electrification process and the digitalization of energy systems on board ships. Contributing to the efficiency optimization for MMC converters means acting directly on one of the key elements to make electric propulsion ships more efficient, resilient, and suitable for handling the challenges posed by the Energy Transition.
Le nuove generazioni di navi devono affrontare nuove sfide, soprattutto in termini di efficienza energetica, impatto ambientale e maggiore affidabilità. Uno degli obiettivi futuri della costruzione navale è quello di ridurre l'impatto delle emissioni delle navi per soddisfare le attuali e future normative dell'Organizzazione Marittima Internazionale (IMO) sulle emissioni di gas serra e sull'inquinamento. Oggi, la tendenza a progettare navi più efficienti e versatili porta allo sviluppo di sistemi di propulsione ibridi ed elettrici che impiegano motori elettrici a media tensione, sistemi di accumulo a batterie e celle a combustibile. La gestione dei motori elettrici a media tensione a bordo nave rappresenta una delle principali sfide per i nuovi costruttori. Sono necessari convertitori in media tensione capaci di gestire elevate potenze e funzionare a medie tensioni. Per questo, i convertitori multilivello sono visti come una soluzione promettente rispetto ai convertitori tradizionali a due livelli, grazie alla loro capacità di raggiungere tensioni medie e alte con tecnologie di dispositivi di potenza consolidate e forme d'onda di alta qualità. Tuttavia, il funzionamento del MMC presenta alcune sfide tecniche legate alla sua struttura. Queste includono la regolazione della corrente di circolazione, che, sebbene faccia parte della dinamica interna del convertitore e non influenzi le tensioni e le correnti di uscita, aumenta le perdite di potenza. Di conseguenza, quando il convertitore deve pilotare un motore elettrico, questa corrente circolante deve essere ridotta per ogni velocità del motore elettrico. Il lavoro di tesi sarà incentrato sul convertitore modulare multilivello. Nello specifico l’argomento trattato riguarderà l’analisi e l’implementazione di tecniche di modulazione con il duplice scopo di: • Implementare tecniche di controllo avanzate per pilotare il MMC quando alimenta un motore elettrico per applicazioni navali • Ridurre la corrente circolante all’interno del MMC al variare della velocità del motore elettrico utilizzato per la propulsione. L’analisi teorica del sistema sarà supportata da simulazioni in ambiente software e da una successiva validazione su set-up sperimentale di laboratorio, permettendo al laureando di conoscere quelli che sono i vari aspetti e fasi del ciclo di vita della ricerca, e consentendo l’acquisizione di una serie di skills estremamente fondamentali per la sua futura carriera di ingegnere. Il progetto si inserisce in un quadro di crescente attenzione verso lo sviluppo di tecnologie che incentivano il processo di elettrificazione e la digitalizzazione dei sistemi energetici a bordo nave. Contribuire all’ottimizzazione dell’efficienza per convertitori MMC significa agire direttamente su uno degli elementi chiave per rendere le navi a propulsione elettrica più efficienti, resilienti e adatte a gestire le sfide poste dalla Transizione Energetica.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY CIRCULATING CURRENT MITIGATION FOR MMCS DRIVING MV ELECTRIC MOTORS
SIMONI, LUCIANO
2024/2025
Abstract
The new generations of ships must face new challenges, especially in terms of energy efficiency, environmental impact, and greater reliability. One of the future goals of shipbuilding is to reduce the impact of ship emissions to meet current and future International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations on greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Today, the trend to design more efficient and versatile ships leads to the development of hybrid and electric propulsion systems employing medium-voltage electric motors, battery storage systems, and fuel cells. The management of medium-voltage electric motors on board ships represents one of the main challenges for new shipbuilders. Medium-voltage converters capable of handling high power and operating at medium voltages are required. For this reason, multilevel converters are seen as a promising solution compared to traditional two-level converters, thanks to their ability to reach medium and high voltages with established power device technologies and high-quality waveforms. However, the operation of the MMC presents some technical challenges related to its structure. These include the regulation of the circulating current, which, although part of the converter's internal dynamics and does not affect the output voltages and currents, increases power losses. Consequently, when the converter has to drive an electric motor, this circulating current must be reduced for every electric motor speed. The thesis work will focus on the modular multilevel converter. Specifically, the topic addressed will concern the analysis and implementation of modulation techniques with the dual purpose of: • Implementing advanced control techniques to drive the MMC when feeding an electric motor for naval applications • Reducing the circulating current inside the MMC as the speed of the electric motor used for propulsion varies. The theoretical analysis of the system will be supported by simulations in a software environment and by subsequent validation on a laboratory experimental setup, allowing the graduating student to learn about the various aspects and phases of the research lifecycle, and enabling the acquisition of a series of extremely fundamental skills for their future engineering career. The project fits into a framework of growing attention towards the development of technologies that encourage the electrification process and the digitalization of energy systems on board ships. Contributing to the efficiency optimization for MMC converters means acting directly on one of the key elements to make electric propulsion ships more efficient, resilient, and suitable for handling the challenges posed by the Energy Transition.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Luciano_Simoni.pdf
File consultabile da postazioni biblioteca
Descrizione: Il lavoro di tesi presenta lo sviluppo e la validazione di un controllo feedforward adattativo per mitigare le correnti di circolazione nei convertitori MMC che azionano motori a MV.
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3.64 MB
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3.64 MB | Adobe PDF |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/67881