In the construction sector, the continuous advancement of discoveries on materials, products and systems, together with the continuous and unexpected variation of the requirements framework, is leading to the creation of more and more impacts on the environment, pushing towards situations that our planet will no longer be able to face up to. A tool that allows you to guide from the early design stages towards more sustainable solutions and able to quantify the potential impacts, in an objective way, is the LCA analysis. This tool or methodology is applicable to a variety of products and processes, making it very useful in the construction sector and, in particular, to guide designers towards products and solutions that are more compatible with the environment. Furthermore, it is the instrument at the basis of some product and process certifications present today; therefore, the fundamental point of this new approach that sees producers, designers and clients more interested and involved in the problems of environmental sustainability. In reality, the use of this methodology in the construction process is not yet widespread and fully integrated, as the necessary information is not all usable, easy to read and, moreover, would require lengthy and complex processing. The solution to this problem can be obtained with the use of the methodology supported and integrated by the LCA methodology. Although the problems described above, there are software and plug-ins (for BIM programs) that allow you to determine the impacts that a product or element produces during their entire life cycle. Thanks to the use of these software integrated with BIM it was possible to investigate those aspects related to sustainability that are not normally easy to obtain and read. This methodological combination of BIM and LCA analysis was then applied to the vertical closure and internal partition systems of the building, as systems that have the greatest number of variants and types, as well as elements that are more easily subject to interventions; so as to be able to quantify the actual impacts and investigate possible more sustainable and advantageous alternatives. Furthermore, they are the elements that most of all reflect the continuous advancement of design solutions and the implementation of new materials within the OE, but also as elements that must be adapted to the needs of users and therefore, to oppose the 'obsolescence, the more frequently they undergo changes. Therefore, we started from the traditional solutions of vertical closures and internal partition systems, modeling them on the Revit software and later a plug-in software was used (which uses a database containing certified data on the impacts of each material) in order to determine the impacts that each system and its components created. Thanks to the plug-in for the LCA assessment it was possible to determine the impacts of these, quantified through the environmental indicators of Embodied Carbon (according to the '' cradle to grave '' approach) and others made available by the calculation software. Subsequently, after comparing the solutions (using the impacts generated as a comparison parameter), were chosen the ones that were not only the least impacting, but also capable of adapting to the changing needs.
Nel settore edilizio, il continuo avanzare delle scoperte su materiali, prodotti e sistemi, affiancato al variare continuo e inaspettato del quadro esigenziale, sta portando alla creazione di sempre più impatti sull’ambiente, spingendo verso situazioni che il nostro pianeta non sarà in grado di affrontare. Uno strumento che permette di guidare già dalle prime fasi di progettazione verso soluzioni più sostenibili e in grado di quantificare i potenziali impatti, in modo oggettivo, è l’analisi LCA (Life Cycle Assessment). Questo strumento o metodologia è applicabile a una molteplicità di prodotti e processi, rendendola molto utile nel settore edilizio e, in particolare, per guidare i progettisti verso prodotti e soluzioni più compatibili con l’ambiente. Inoltre, è lo strumento alla base di alcune certificazioni di prodotto e processo presenti oggi; quindi, punto fondamentale di questo nuovo approccio che vede i produttori, progettisti e la committenza più interessati e partecipi alle problematiche della sostenibilità ambientale. In realtà, l’utilizzo di questa metodologia nel processo edilizio non è ancora molto diffuso e completamente integrato, in quanto le informazioni necessarie non sono tutte fruibili, di facile lettura e, inoltre, richiederebbero delle elaborazioni lunghe e complesse. La soluzione a questa problematica può essere ottenuta con l’utilizzo della metodologia affiancata e integrata dalla metodologia LCA. Seppur vi siano i problemi appena descritti, esistono dei software e plug-in (per i programmi BIM) che permettono di determinare gli impatti che un prodotto o elemento producono durante il loro intero ciclo di vita. Grazie all’utilizzo di questi software integrati al BIM è stato possibile indagare quegli aspetti legati alla sostenibilità che non sono, normalmente, di facile ottenimento e lettura. Si è quindi applicato questo binomio metodologico di BIM e analisi LCA ai sistemi di chiusura verticale e di partizione interna dell’edificio, in quanto sistemi che presentano il numero maggiore di varianti e tipologie, nonché elementi che più facilmente sono soggetti a interventi; così da poter quantificare gli effettivi impatti e indagare possibili alternative più sostenibili e vantaggiose. Inoltre, sono gli elementi che più di tutti rispecchiano il continuo avanzare delle soluzioni progettuali e l’implementazione di nuovi materiali all’interno dell’OE, ma anche come elementi che si devono adattare al quadro esigenziale dell’utenza e quindi, per opporsi all’obsolescenza, più frequentemente sono sottoposti a cambiamenti. Perciò si è partiti dalle soluzioni tradizionali di chiusure verticali e di sistemi di partizione interna, modellandole sul software Revit e in seguito è stato utilizzato un software di plug-in (che utilizza un database in cui sono presenti dati certificati sugli impatti di ogni materiale) per poter determinare gli impatti che ogni sistema e sue componenti creavano. Grazie al plug-in per la valutazione LCA è stato possibile determinare gli impatti di questi, quantificati attraverso gli indicatori ambientali di Embodied Carbon (secondo l’approccio ‘’cradle to grave’’) e altri resi disponibili dal software di calcolo. In seguito, sono state confrontate le soluzioni (utilizzando come parametro di confronto gli impatti generati) e sono state scelte quelle che risultassero non solo le meno impattanti, ma anche capaci di adattarsi al variare del quadro esigenziale.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT COMPARATIVO DI TECNOLOGIE EDILIZIE
CERCHIARA, FILIPPO ANTONIO
2020/2021
Abstract
In the construction sector, the continuous advancement of discoveries on materials, products and systems, together with the continuous and unexpected variation of the requirements framework, is leading to the creation of more and more impacts on the environment, pushing towards situations that our planet will no longer be able to face up to. A tool that allows you to guide from the early design stages towards more sustainable solutions and able to quantify the potential impacts, in an objective way, is the LCA analysis. This tool or methodology is applicable to a variety of products and processes, making it very useful in the construction sector and, in particular, to guide designers towards products and solutions that are more compatible with the environment. Furthermore, it is the instrument at the basis of some product and process certifications present today; therefore, the fundamental point of this new approach that sees producers, designers and clients more interested and involved in the problems of environmental sustainability. In reality, the use of this methodology in the construction process is not yet widespread and fully integrated, as the necessary information is not all usable, easy to read and, moreover, would require lengthy and complex processing. The solution to this problem can be obtained with the use of the methodology supported and integrated by the LCA methodology. Although the problems described above, there are software and plug-ins (for BIM programs) that allow you to determine the impacts that a product or element produces during their entire life cycle. Thanks to the use of these software integrated with BIM it was possible to investigate those aspects related to sustainability that are not normally easy to obtain and read. This methodological combination of BIM and LCA analysis was then applied to the vertical closure and internal partition systems of the building, as systems that have the greatest number of variants and types, as well as elements that are more easily subject to interventions; so as to be able to quantify the actual impacts and investigate possible more sustainable and advantageous alternatives. Furthermore, they are the elements that most of all reflect the continuous advancement of design solutions and the implementation of new materials within the OE, but also as elements that must be adapted to the needs of users and therefore, to oppose the 'obsolescence, the more frequently they undergo changes. Therefore, we started from the traditional solutions of vertical closures and internal partition systems, modeling them on the Revit software and later a plug-in software was used (which uses a database containing certified data on the impacts of each material) in order to determine the impacts that each system and its components created. Thanks to the plug-in for the LCA assessment it was possible to determine the impacts of these, quantified through the environmental indicators of Embodied Carbon (according to the '' cradle to grave '' approach) and others made available by the calculation software. Subsequently, after comparing the solutions (using the impacts generated as a comparison parameter), were chosen the ones that were not only the least impacting, but also capable of adapting to the changing needs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/66592