The growing diffusion of 3D printing technologies in the construction sector is opening new perspectives in terms of sustainability, material optimization, and design freedom. In this context, the present experimental thesis investigates the mechanical and anisotropic behavior of 3D printed materials, with reference to the construction of an arch footbridge inspired by Leonardo da Vinci’s self-supporting bridge. The work begins with a preliminary theoretical framework on 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP), with particular focus on rheology, durability, mix design, and structural challenges. The core of the thesis is dedicated to the experimental characterization of specimens printed using the same mix design adopted for the bridge, manufactured in different configurations according to layer orientation. Compression tests, performed on appropriately prepared samples, were complemented by strain measurements and non-destructive investigations based on the ultrasonic SPC (Sideband Peak Count) technique, aimed at detecting possible micro-damage related to anisotropy. The results made it possible to estimate directional elastic moduli and to build a stiffness matrix suitable for advanced FEM modeling. In parallel, a numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the behavior of both the material and the printed structure, comparing the anisotropic response with that of equivalent isotropic materials. The conclusions provide critical insights into the structural potential of 3D printing and the conditions necessary to ensure its effective reliability.
La crescente diffusione delle tecnologie di stampa 3D nel settore delle costruzioni apre nuove prospettive in termini di sostenibilità, ottimizzazione dei materiali e libertà progettuale. In questo contesto, la presente tesi sperimentale affronta lo studio del comportamento meccanico e anisotropo di materiali stampati in 3D, con riferimento alla realizzazione di una passerella ad arco ispirata al ponte autoportante di Leonardo da Vinci. Il lavoro si articola in una fase preliminare di inquadramento teorico sul 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP), con attenzione alla reologia, alla durabilità, al mix design e alle sfide strutturali. La parte centrale dell’elaborato è dedicata alla caratterizzazione sperimentale di provini realizzati con il mix design del ponte realizzato, stampati in configurazioni differenti per orientamento dei layer. Le prove di compressione, condotte su campioni opportunamente preparati, sono state integrate con misure di deformazione e con indagini non distruttive basate sulla tecnica ultrasonica SPC (Sideband Peak Count), al fine di evidenziare eventuali microdanni legati all’anisotropia. I risultati hanno permesso di stimare i moduli elastici direzionali e di costruire una matrice di rigidezza utile per modellazioni FEM avanzate. In parallelo, è stata condotta una simulazione numerica del comportamento del materiale e della struttura stampata, confrontando la risposta anisotropa con quella di materiali isotropi equivalenti. Le conclusioni offrono spunti critici sul potenziale impiego strutturale della stampa 3D e sulle condizioni necessarie per una sua effettiva affidabilità.
PROBLEMI STRUTTURALI DI COSTRUZIONI IN BLOCCHI STEREOTOMICI STAMPATI IN 3D
GALLO, CLAUDIO
2024/2025
Abstract
The growing diffusion of 3D printing technologies in the construction sector is opening new perspectives in terms of sustainability, material optimization, and design freedom. In this context, the present experimental thesis investigates the mechanical and anisotropic behavior of 3D printed materials, with reference to the construction of an arch footbridge inspired by Leonardo da Vinci’s self-supporting bridge. The work begins with a preliminary theoretical framework on 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP), with particular focus on rheology, durability, mix design, and structural challenges. The core of the thesis is dedicated to the experimental characterization of specimens printed using the same mix design adopted for the bridge, manufactured in different configurations according to layer orientation. Compression tests, performed on appropriately prepared samples, were complemented by strain measurements and non-destructive investigations based on the ultrasonic SPC (Sideband Peak Count) technique, aimed at detecting possible micro-damage related to anisotropy. The results made it possible to estimate directional elastic moduli and to build a stiffness matrix suitable for advanced FEM modeling. In parallel, a numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the behavior of both the material and the printed structure, comparing the anisotropic response with that of equivalent isotropic materials. The conclusions provide critical insights into the structural potential of 3D printing and the conditions necessary to ensure its effective reliability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/65954