CONCEZIONE, IMPLEMENTAZIONE E TEST DI LABORATORIO DI STRATEGIE DI CONTROLLO DELLA RETE IN REAL-TIME CON TECNOLOGIE CROSS-SECTOR

The electrification of sectors such as transport and heating enables higher penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and leads to greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The increased, variable load, together with the unpredictable and volatile generation from RES result in new planning and operational issues for Distribution System Operator (DSO) such as voltage violations and overloading of lines and transformers. Advanced monitoring tools such as State Estimation (SE) enable the determination of the state of the grid in real-time, therefore DSO can prevent or detect temporary grid congestions. In this work, control algorithms are designed to address real-time overvoltage management and voltage control. An Hardware in the loop (HIL) setup is implemented: a simplified distribution grid of 11-bus, containing cross-sector technologies such as Comined Heat and Power plant (CHP), Power to Heat (PtH), Electric-Vehicles (EVs) and Photovoltaics (PVs), is simulated within a real-time simulator. The output power of those components can be modified by changing their power setpoints. Commercial measurement devices are virtually connected to the simulated grid by means of power amplifiers. A commercial State Estimation (SE) tool performs the estimation of the grid based on those measurements. The outcomes of the SE are acquired by the centralized grid controller. The conceived control algorithm, according to the real-time state of the grid, computes the new power setpoints for the controllable units of the grid. The tests performed to validate the designed control strategies confirm that voltage violations and line overlading can be mitigated by the flexible operation of controllable units.