This thesis addresses the design and optimization of the thermal control system for a 6U CubeSat in low Earth orbit. In the context of the New Space Economy, low-cost nanosatellite platforms are spreading rapidly. This makes thermal management a major design challenge due to the strict mass, volume, and power limits of these systems. As a case study, the ROAO mission was analyzed. This mission features a 6U CubeSat designed for rendezvous, capture, and de-orbiting operations of space debris via an electrodynamic tether system, which is a highly demanding profile from a thermal standpoint. After a historical and technological overview of the CubeSat standard and an analysis of heat transfer mechanisms and environmental loads, a simplified finite element model of the satellite was built in Autodesk Inventor Nastran based on a simplified CAD model of the assembly. The simulations were conducted along a sun-synchronous orbit at 600 km to analyze the two extreme environmental scenarios, the Hot Case and the Cold Case. The results of the initial Baseline configuration showed severe criticalities in both scenarios. Therefore, an optimization process was developed using a mostly passive strategy. This strategy involved modifying the surface emissivity of the chassis and differentiating the thermal interface conductances. In the cold scenario, this approach was supported by an active heater for the battery pack. The proposed solutions successfully brought all components back within their respective operational and safety limits, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the designed thermal control system and the validity of the adopted methodology.
Il presente lavoro di tesi affronta la progettazione e l'ottimizzazione del sistema di controllo termico di un CubeSat 6U operante in orbita bassa terrestre, nel contesto della crescente diffusione di piattaforme nanosatellitari a basso costo promossa dalla New Space Economy, che rende la gestione termica una delle criticità progettuali più rilevanti a causa dei ridotti margini di massa, volume e potenza tipici di questi sistemi. Come caso studio è stata analizzata la missione ROAO, un CubeSat 6U destinato a operazioni di rendezvous, cattura e de-orbiting di detriti spaziali tramite un sistema a filo elettrodinamico, profilo di missione particolarmente gravoso dal punto di vista termico. Dopo un inquadramento storico-tecnologico dello standard CubeSat e l'analisi dei meccanismi di scambio termico e dei carichi ambientali, è stato costruito un modello semplificato agli elementi finiti del satellite in Autodesk Inventor Nastran, a partire dal modello CAD dell'assieme opportunamente semplificato. Le simulazioni, condotte lungo un'orbita eliosincrona a 600 km, hanno analizzato i due scenari ambientali estremi: l'Hot Case e il Cold Case. I risultati della configurazione Baseline hanno evidenziato criticità severe in entrambi gli scenari. È stato quindi sviluppato un processo di ottimizzazione basato su una strategia prevalentemente passiva, modifica dell'emissività superficiale dello chassis e differenziazione mirata delle conduttanze di interfaccia termica, affiancata, nello scenario freddo, da un riscaldatore attivo dedicato al blocco batterie. Le soluzioni proposte hanno ricondotto tutti i componenti entro i rispettivi limiti operativi e di sicurezza, dimostrando l'efficacia del sistema di controllo termico progettato e la validità della metodologia adottata.
CUBESAT: ANALISI TERMICA ED OTTIMIZZAZIONE DI UN NANOSATELLITE IN “LEO”
D'AMBROSIO, VITO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis addresses the design and optimization of the thermal control system for a 6U CubeSat in low Earth orbit. In the context of the New Space Economy, low-cost nanosatellite platforms are spreading rapidly. This makes thermal management a major design challenge due to the strict mass, volume, and power limits of these systems. As a case study, the ROAO mission was analyzed. This mission features a 6U CubeSat designed for rendezvous, capture, and de-orbiting operations of space debris via an electrodynamic tether system, which is a highly demanding profile from a thermal standpoint. After a historical and technological overview of the CubeSat standard and an analysis of heat transfer mechanisms and environmental loads, a simplified finite element model of the satellite was built in Autodesk Inventor Nastran based on a simplified CAD model of the assembly. The simulations were conducted along a sun-synchronous orbit at 600 km to analyze the two extreme environmental scenarios, the Hot Case and the Cold Case. The results of the initial Baseline configuration showed severe criticalities in both scenarios. Therefore, an optimization process was developed using a mostly passive strategy. This strategy involved modifying the surface emissivity of the chassis and differentiating the thermal interface conductances. In the cold scenario, this approach was supported by an active heater for the battery pack. The proposed solutions successfully brought all components back within their respective operational and safety limits, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the designed thermal control system and the validity of the adopted methodology.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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D'Ambrosio_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi definitiva D'Ambrosio Vito 591615
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3.87 MB | Adobe PDF |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/65688