This thesis investigates the potential of industrial symbiosis as a strategy for valorizing agro-industrial residues, using the Mexican company Desserto, which produces a Nopal cactus-based biomaterial as an alternative to animal leather, as a case study. The comparative analysis and mass balance of the production process highlight a significant reduction in environmental impact compared with traditional leather tanning, with a carbon footprint of 5.6 kg CO₂eq, compared with 60 kg CO₂eq for animal leather, as well as a reduction in the material intensity of the process. However, the biomaterial has certain limitations due to the presence of components that are not entirely bio-based, indicating opportunities for further improvements along the supply chain. In this context, an industrial symbiosis strategy is proposed involving Nopal cactus growers, the processing company, and users of the biomaterial, aimed at valorizing pruning residues as a production input. The management of these flows is characterized by stochastic variability and a quantitative and temporal mismatch between residue availability and production requirements. To manage this interdependence, a quantitative model based on finite-capacity queueing theory (M/M/1/K) is developed. In this model, a semi-finished product storage facility decouples incoming and outgoing flows, enabling the analysis of the optimal storage capacity. The model also makes it possible to assess the technical, environmental, operational, and economic performance of the system and to examine three different coordination and pricing scenarios, with the aim of evaluating the distribution of net benefits among supply chain stakeholders. The results highlight the role of storage capacity in improving the balance between residue availability and production requirements, while also enhancing the economic viability of industrial symbiosis. Finally, the study provides a replicable quantitative framework to support the design and economic coordination of industrial supply chains focused on the circular valorization of agro-industrial residues.
Il presente lavoro di tesi analizza il potenziale della simbiosi industriale come strategia per la valorizzazione dei residui agro-industriali, assumendo come caso studio l’azienda messicana Desserto, produttrice di un biomateriale a base di cactus Nopal, impiegato come alternativa alla pelle animale. L’analisi comparativa e il bilancio di massa del processo produttivo evidenziano una significativa riduzione dell’impatto ambientale rispetto alla concia tradizionale, con un’impronta carbonica pari a 5,6 kg CO2eq rispetto a 60 kg CO2eq per la pelle animale, nonché una riduzione dell’intensità materiale del processo. Il biomateriale presenta tuttavia alcuni limiti legati alla presenza di componenti non completamente bio-based, evidenziando margini di ulteriore miglioramento della filiera. In tale contesto, viene proposta una strategia di simbiosi industriale tra i coltivatori di cactus Nopal, l’azienda trasformatrice e gli utilizzatori del biomateriale, finalizzata alla valorizzazione dei residui derivanti dalla potatura come input produttivo. La gestione di tali flussi è caratterizzata da una variabilità stocastica e da un disallineamento quantitativo e temporale tra la disponibilità dei residui e il fabbisogno produttivo. Per governare tale interdipendenza, viene sviluppato un modello quantitativo basato sulla teoria delle code a capacità finita (M/M/1/K), nel quale un magazzino di semilavorato consente di disaccoppiare i flussi in ingresso e in uscita e di analizzare il dimensionamento ottimale della capacità di stoccaggio. Il modello consente inoltre di valutare le prestazioni tecnico-ambientali, operative ed economiche del sistema e di analizzare tre differenti scenari di coordinamento e pricing, con l’obiettivo di esaminare la distribuzione del beneficio netto tra gli stakeholder della filiera. I risultati evidenziano il ruolo della capacità di stoccaggio nel migliorare l’equilibrio tra disponibilità dei residui e fabbisogno produttivo, favorendo al contempo la convenienza economica della simbiosi. Il lavoro fornisce infine un framework quantitativo replicabile a supporto della progettazione e del coordinamento economico di filiere industriali orientate alla valorizzazione circolare dei residui agro-industriali.
NUOVI PLAYER DI INTERMEDIAZIONE NELLA SIMBIOSI INDUSTRIALE
IACOVELLI, LILIANA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the potential of industrial symbiosis as a strategy for valorizing agro-industrial residues, using the Mexican company Desserto, which produces a Nopal cactus-based biomaterial as an alternative to animal leather, as a case study. The comparative analysis and mass balance of the production process highlight a significant reduction in environmental impact compared with traditional leather tanning, with a carbon footprint of 5.6 kg CO₂eq, compared with 60 kg CO₂eq for animal leather, as well as a reduction in the material intensity of the process. However, the biomaterial has certain limitations due to the presence of components that are not entirely bio-based, indicating opportunities for further improvements along the supply chain. In this context, an industrial symbiosis strategy is proposed involving Nopal cactus growers, the processing company, and users of the biomaterial, aimed at valorizing pruning residues as a production input. The management of these flows is characterized by stochastic variability and a quantitative and temporal mismatch between residue availability and production requirements. To manage this interdependence, a quantitative model based on finite-capacity queueing theory (M/M/1/K) is developed. In this model, a semi-finished product storage facility decouples incoming and outgoing flows, enabling the analysis of the optimal storage capacity. The model also makes it possible to assess the technical, environmental, operational, and economic performance of the system and to examine three different coordination and pricing scenarios, with the aim of evaluating the distribution of net benefits among supply chain stakeholders. The results highlight the role of storage capacity in improving the balance between residue availability and production requirements, while also enhancing the economic viability of industrial symbiosis. Finally, the study provides a replicable quantitative framework to support the design and economic coordination of industrial supply chains focused on the circular valorization of agro-industrial residues.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/110939