In recent times, a period of strong impulse, research and development has begun and still continues today for information technology: computers have invaded factories, offices, public administrations, private homes, commercial establishments, entertainment, portable devices ... in short, every aspect of our life. Whatever we do, or almost everything, is regulated by a computer system, for example we can think of the operations carried out by the operator of a post office or bank and the management of the queue and payments within it. The same is true for example for the world of transport, if we take the subway, a train, an airplane, behind us there are special systems that regulate timetables, traffic and all that is needed for them to function regularly; and we could continue for a long time with the examples ... Consequently, the will of the software manufacturing industry to increasingly meet the needs of the listed areas and many others, has generated a strong diversification and specialization in the development of software products, leading to the birth of 'embedded' systems. These software systems are so called because they are 'integrated' within electronic systems and 'dedicated' to a specific use, purpose (special purpose). However, whether they are more or less complex, operating in a context of greater or lesser criticality, these systems all have in common the characteristic of having to strictly guarantee compliance with different technical specifications, operating conditions and operations. Such a prerogative means that industries all over the world need common and universally recognized guidelines for the implementation of such systems: they are commonly called standards. The objective of this thesis is therefore to address the discussion of the main "standards" currently existing and valid for the production of embedded or generic software systems, which are safe, of quality and effectively meet the technical requirements and purposes for which they have been built. As a specific case of software standards, the examination of the three main standards used for the development of embedded systems for railway applications is also reported. Finally it concludes by presenting some relevant rules in relation in the context of information security.
In tempi recenti è cominciato e dura tutt’ora per l’informatica, un periodo di forte impulso, ricerca e sviluppo: i computer hanno invaso le fabbriche, gli uffici, le amministrazioni pubbliche, le case private, gli esercizi commerciali, i locali di svago, i dispositivi portatili…insomma, ogni aspetto della nostra vita. Qualsiasi cosa facciamo, o quasi, è regolata da un sistema informatico, ad esempio possiamo pensare alle operazioni svolte dall’operatore di un ufficio postale o bancario e la gestione della coda e dei pagamenti all’interno di esso. Lo stesso vale ad esempio per il mondo dei trasporti, se prendiamo la metropolitana, un treno, un aereo, alle spalle ci sono speciali sistemi che regolano gli orari, il traffico e tutto ciò che serve perché essi funzionino regolarmente; e si potrebbe continuare ancora per molto con gli esempi… Di conseguenza la volontà da parte dell’industria produttrice di software di raggiungere sempre più le necessità degli ambiti elencati e di molti altri, ha generato una forte diversificazione e specializzazione nello sviluppo dei prodotti software portando alla nascita dei sistemi ‘embedded’. Questi sistemi software sono così chiamati perché ‘integrati’ all’interno di sistemi elettronici e ‘dedicati’ ad un preciso utilizzo, scopo (special purpose). Che siano però più o meno complessi, operanti in un contesto di maggiore o minore criticità, questi sistemi hanno tutti in comune la caratteristica di dover garantire rigorosamente il rispetto di diverse specifiche tecniche, condizioni di funzionamento e operatività. Una tale prerogativa fa sì che le industrie di tutto il mondo necessitino, per la realizzazione di tali sistemi, di linee guida comuni e universalmente riconosciute: esse sono comunemente chiamate standard. Obiettivo del presente elaborato di tesi è quindi affrontare la discussione dei principali “standard” attualmente esistenti e validi per la produzione di sistemi software embedded o generici, che siano sicuri, di qualità e soddisfino efficacemente i requisiti tecnici e gli scopi per i quali sono stati costruiti. Viene anche riportato, come caso specifico di standard per il software, l’esame delle tre principali norme impiegate per lo sviluppo di sistemi embedded per le applicazioni ferroviarie. Infine si conclude presentando alcune norme rilevanti in relazione nel contesto della sicurezza informatica.
STANDARD PER LO SVILUPPO SICURO DI SOFTWARE PER SISTEMI EMBEDDED E APPLICAZIONI FERROVIARIE
CARAVELLA, MICHELE
2020/2021
Abstract
In recent times, a period of strong impulse, research and development has begun and still continues today for information technology: computers have invaded factories, offices, public administrations, private homes, commercial establishments, entertainment, portable devices ... in short, every aspect of our life. Whatever we do, or almost everything, is regulated by a computer system, for example we can think of the operations carried out by the operator of a post office or bank and the management of the queue and payments within it. The same is true for example for the world of transport, if we take the subway, a train, an airplane, behind us there are special systems that regulate timetables, traffic and all that is needed for them to function regularly; and we could continue for a long time with the examples ... Consequently, the will of the software manufacturing industry to increasingly meet the needs of the listed areas and many others, has generated a strong diversification and specialization in the development of software products, leading to the birth of 'embedded' systems. These software systems are so called because they are 'integrated' within electronic systems and 'dedicated' to a specific use, purpose (special purpose). However, whether they are more or less complex, operating in a context of greater or lesser criticality, these systems all have in common the characteristic of having to strictly guarantee compliance with different technical specifications, operating conditions and operations. Such a prerogative means that industries all over the world need common and universally recognized guidelines for the implementation of such systems: they are commonly called standards. The objective of this thesis is therefore to address the discussion of the main "standards" currently existing and valid for the production of embedded or generic software systems, which are safe, of quality and effectively meet the technical requirements and purposes for which they have been built. As a specific case of software standards, the examination of the three main standards used for the development of embedded systems for railway applications is also reported. Finally it concludes by presenting some relevant rules in relation in the context of information security.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/109826