The energy transition represents one of the major economic, industrial, and technological challenges of the 21st century, requiring a profound reconfiguration of energy production and consumption systems. In this context, photovoltaics has assumed a central role thanks to its technological maturity, progressive cost reduction, and high scalability. However, the sector's evolution is no longer limited to incremental improvements in the performance of traditional modules, but is also extending towards new technological trajectories characterized by lightweight design, flexibility, modularity, and integration into unconventional application contexts. This thesis analyzes these transformations through the case study of Solar Y, a lightweight, foldable, and modular photovoltaic solution developed by the deep-tech startup Astradyne. Solar Y represents an emblematic example of how innovation in photovoltaics can take on a systemic dimension, in which technology, design, and strategy jointly contribute to the creation of value. In line with the design-driven innovation approach, the product's value lies not solely in its technical performance, but in the meaning it holds for the user and the role it plays within a broader system of practices, actors, and usage patterns. The main objective of this thesis is to build an integrated analytical framework to assess Solar Y's potential in different market niches, considering both technological and market and strategic dimensions. Specifically, the work aims to answer three key questions: 1. How do new photovoltaic technological trajectories enable the emergence of new application niches? 2. Which performance indicators are most relevant for assessing the fit between a lightweight photovoltaic solution and specific use cases? 3. How can a deep-tech startup structure a market entry and intellectual property exploitation strategy given limited production resources? Methodologically, the research adopts a case study approach (Astradyne's Solar Y), combining primary and secondary sources. The analysis is developed through the definition of a system of specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), including efficiency, cost, specific weight, power density, and weight per surface area. These KPIs are used to construct technological and significance evaluation matrices, designed to measure the degree of consistency between Solar Y's characteristics and the requirements of the various niches analyzed. The thesis also delves into numerous application areas, including Recreational & Outdoor, industrial off-grid infrastructure, emergency and humanitarian aid, the maritime sector, agrivoltaics, solar carports, and electric mobility applications. For each niche, the demand drivers, main use cases, technological and logistical pain points, and the competitive landscape are analyzed. To support these assessments, the Total Available Market (TAM), the Serviceable Available Market (SAM), and the Serviceable Obtainable Market (SOM) are estimated, adopting a top-down approach based on market sources and explicit assumptions. A further contribution of the thesis concerns the analysis of intellectual property and licensing strategies. In particular, the role of outsourcing as a strategic lever for the growth of a deep-tech startup is discussed, enabling it to overcome production constraints and accelerate the diffusion of technology into multiple market niches. Different intellectual property exploitation scenarios are compared, assessing their advantages, risks, and implications for Astradyne's growth.
La transizione energetica rappresenta una delle principali sfide economiche, industriali e tecnologiche del XXI secolo, imponendo una profonda riconfigurazione dei sistemi di produzione e consumo di energia. In questo contesto, il fotovoltaico ha assunto un ruolo centrale grazie alla maturità tecnologica raggiunta, alla progressiva riduzione dei costi e alla sua elevata scalabilità. Tuttavia, l'evoluzione del settore non si limita più al miglioramento incrementale delle prestazioni dei moduli tradizionali, ma si estende verso nuove traiettorie tecnologiche caratterizzate da leggerezza, flessibilità, modularità e integrazione in contesti applicativi non convenzionali. La presente tesi analizza tali trasformazioni attraverso lo studio del caso Solar Y, una soluzione fotovoltaica leggera, pieghevole e modulare sviluppata dalla start-up deep-tech Astradyne. Solar Y rappresenta un esempio emblematico di come l'innovazione nel fotovoltaico possa assumere una dimensione sistemica, in cui tecnologia, design e strategia concorrono congiuntamente alla creazione di valore. In linea con l'approccio dell'innovazione design-driven, il valore del prodotto non risiede esclusivamente nelle sue prestazioni tecniche, ma nel significato che esso assume per l'utente e nel ruolo che svolge all'interno di un sistema più ampio di pratiche, attori e modelli di utilizzo. L'obiettivo principale della tesi è quello di costruire un quadro analitico integrato per valutare il potenziale di Solar Y in diverse nicchie di mercato, considerando sia le dimensioni tecnologiche sia quelle di mercato e strategiche. In particolare il lavoro si propone di rispondere a tre quesiti fondamentali: 1. In che modo le nuove traiettorie tecnologiche del fotovoltaico abilitano l’emergere di nuove nicchie applicative; 2. Quali indicatori di prestazione risultano più rilevanti per valutare il Fit tra una soluzione fotovoltaica leggera e specifici contesti d’uso; 3. Come una start-up deep-tech possa strutturare una strategia di ingresso nel mercato e di sfruttamento della proprietà intellettuale in presenza di risorse produttive limitate. Dal punto di vista metodologico, la ricerca adotta un approccio di studio di un caso reale (Solar Y di Astradyne), combinando fonti primarie e secondarie. L'analisi si sviluppa attraverso la definizione di un sistema di Key Performance Indicators (KPI) specifici, includendo efficienza, costo, peso specifico, densità di potenza e peso per superficie. Tali KPI vengono utilizzati per costruire matrici di valutazione tecnologica e di significato, finalizzate a misurare il grado di coerenza tra le caratteristiche di Solar Y e i requisiti delle diverse nicchie analizzate. La tesi approfondisce anche l'analisi di numerosi ambiti applicativi, tra cui Recreational & Outdoor, infrastrutture off-grid industriali, emergenza e aiuti umanitari, settore marittimo, agrivoltaico, tettoie solari e applicazioni per la mobilità elettrica. Per ciascuna nicchia vengono analizzati i driver di domanda, i principali use case, i pain point tecnologici e logistici, nonché il panorama competitivo. A supporto di tali valutazioni, vengono stimati il Total Available Market (TAM), il Serviceable Available Market (SAM) e il Serviceable Obtainable Market (SOM), adottando un approccio top-down basato su fonti di mercato e assunzioni esplicite. Un ulteriore contributo della tesi riguarda l'analisi delle strategie di proprietà intellettuale e di licensing. In particolare viene discusso il ruolo dell'out-licensing come leva strategica per la crescita di una start-up deep-tech, consentendo di superare i vincoli produttivi e accelerare la diffusione della tecnologica in più nicchie di mercato. Vengono confrontati diversi scenari di sfruttamento della proprietà intellettuale, valutandone vantaggi, rischi e implicazioni per la crescita di Astradyne.
TRAIETTORIE TECNOLOGICHE, DESIGN MEANING E MARKET ENTRY: IL CASO SOLAR Y DI ASTRADYNE
DADDIEGO, NICOLÒ
2024/2025
Abstract
The energy transition represents one of the major economic, industrial, and technological challenges of the 21st century, requiring a profound reconfiguration of energy production and consumption systems. In this context, photovoltaics has assumed a central role thanks to its technological maturity, progressive cost reduction, and high scalability. However, the sector's evolution is no longer limited to incremental improvements in the performance of traditional modules, but is also extending towards new technological trajectories characterized by lightweight design, flexibility, modularity, and integration into unconventional application contexts. This thesis analyzes these transformations through the case study of Solar Y, a lightweight, foldable, and modular photovoltaic solution developed by the deep-tech startup Astradyne. Solar Y represents an emblematic example of how innovation in photovoltaics can take on a systemic dimension, in which technology, design, and strategy jointly contribute to the creation of value. In line with the design-driven innovation approach, the product's value lies not solely in its technical performance, but in the meaning it holds for the user and the role it plays within a broader system of practices, actors, and usage patterns. The main objective of this thesis is to build an integrated analytical framework to assess Solar Y's potential in different market niches, considering both technological and market and strategic dimensions. Specifically, the work aims to answer three key questions: 1. How do new photovoltaic technological trajectories enable the emergence of new application niches? 2. Which performance indicators are most relevant for assessing the fit between a lightweight photovoltaic solution and specific use cases? 3. How can a deep-tech startup structure a market entry and intellectual property exploitation strategy given limited production resources? Methodologically, the research adopts a case study approach (Astradyne's Solar Y), combining primary and secondary sources. The analysis is developed through the definition of a system of specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), including efficiency, cost, specific weight, power density, and weight per surface area. These KPIs are used to construct technological and significance evaluation matrices, designed to measure the degree of consistency between Solar Y's characteristics and the requirements of the various niches analyzed. The thesis also delves into numerous application areas, including Recreational & Outdoor, industrial off-grid infrastructure, emergency and humanitarian aid, the maritime sector, agrivoltaics, solar carports, and electric mobility applications. For each niche, the demand drivers, main use cases, technological and logistical pain points, and the competitive landscape are analyzed. To support these assessments, the Total Available Market (TAM), the Serviceable Available Market (SAM), and the Serviceable Obtainable Market (SOM) are estimated, adopting a top-down approach based on market sources and explicit assumptions. A further contribution of the thesis concerns the analysis of intellectual property and licensing strategies. In particular, the role of outsourcing as a strategic lever for the growth of a deep-tech startup is discussed, enabling it to overcome production constraints and accelerate the diffusion of technology into multiple market niches. Different intellectual property exploitation scenarios are compared, assessing their advantages, risks, and implications for Astradyne's growth.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/109277