This is a study that wants to define systems of analysis of the historical buildings. They belong to the community that saw their growth and transformation during the centuries of their life. Our interest towards their shapes and materials is finalized to know the evidences of a Past full of teachings for a conscious Present and Future. The early Nineteenth century, the historical conditions followed to the French Revolution put the real problem of the reconstruction of symbolic places for the collective memory. John Ruskin answered about the reasons over which we must found an expendive and demanding durability. Above all, they are the values of historical witness and only then the architectonical, artistic and aesthetic values. When we restore an ancient buiding, we find infinite important elements to reconstruction the historical and artistic events, and the unavoidable manoumission we make during the restoration intervents, produces another monument that can’t be the same object we found. Only the good knowledge of the building can give us the possibility to control what new architectural work will go out from our intervention. This is the thought of another great scholar of restauration: Eugene Viollet-Le Duc; the accurate knowledge must be obtained by any avaliable means. He introduced even the use of daguerrotypes to help the study of the monument, and put himself to the avantgarde of the diagnostic systems of the structural problems. A right knowledge to decide the restoration intervents and an appropriate new use for the historical building, must be get from the documents contained in the Archives. They allow us to know the real genesys of the architectonic and structural elements, so important to restore and reuse in a correct way buildings very significant for the collective memory. Also the use of the building is a fundamental matter for his durable lifetime. Without use and periodic maintenance no buiding can avoid the natural death, but an uncorrect adhibition, when the original one is obsolete by now, can falsify the vocation of the place how the History gave us. It’s the case of the former convent of St. Frances in Molfetta, builded with the church, among 13th and 14th century, around the little church where He stayed when He came back from the Crusades. The building was seriously damaged in the 1528 during the “Sacco”, the siedge of the town by the French army, and reconstructured with expansions during the next centuries, as can be red in the “Platea” of the convent, a description written and drawn by the Father guardian in the 1703. In 1814 Gioacchino Murat, king of the Kingdom of Neapolis, expropriated the convent, after the Napoleonic abolition of the religious orders, and the building changed use from religious use to public use as a kind of justice pole; in fact were put there the functions of: station of Royal Gendarmerie, Judged of Peace, territorial Prison, storehouse and offices of the Administration of Reserved Ritghs for the sale of Salts and Tobaccoes, municipal warehouses. Many functions, too much, to give to the building a quiet public life of former convent. In fact the uses of administration of justice made the convent hated from people, that reconciled with it only when the church was demolished in the 1889 and replaced with the Fish Market. The reading of the several archive documents allows to know many informations about structural aspects of the building, which serve to value the seismic risk and locate the related structural problems. The study continued with the qualitative analysis of the seismic behaviour of the masonries and their presumable breakdown in macro elements linked trough kinematic mechanism of collapse. The basic mechanism of resistance to friction serves to contrast the inerzial forces, activated by the ground acceleration, and gives to the horizontal rows the cohesion necessary for a unit behavior.
Questo studio nasce dalla necessità di definire delle metodologie di approccio agli edifici storici che per formazione ed importanza fanno parte della collettività che li ha visti nascere e trasformarsi nel corso dei secoli. L’intervento di conservazione è infatti un vero e proprio innesto che produce un trauma consapevole, mirato alla creazione di un nuovo organismo che conserva i caratteri dell’organismo originario, pur rinnovandolo e rendendolo vitale nel presente e nel futuro. Una nuova utilità, contemporanea alle nostre esigenze, è la condizione irrinunciabile per garantire la continuità dei valori a fondamento di ogni nostra opera sul patrimonio architettonico a valenza storica. Il primo di questi valori, quello della testimonianza storica è la vera guida che informa le numerose Carte del Restauro che la comunità scientifica internazionale ha elaborato a partire dagli anni ’30 del Novecento. La conoscenza e la comunicazione delle vicende occorse al manufatto storico diventano quindi indispensabili strumenti di indagine e di scelta riguardo alle “manomissioni” materiali che dovranno essere effettuate. Conoscere a fondo oggetti così complessi e stratificati richiede però un preciso piano di indagine da elaborarsi sulla base delle vicende occorse nel corso della vita di questi immobili. La fase di indagine storico documentaria assume una importanza fondamentale per entrare in sintonia su tutti gli aspetti che davvero contano nella inevitabile trasformazione a cui è destinato l’oggetto di tutela per poter essere salvato dalla obsolescenza e dalla distruzione. L ’ex Convento di San Francesco a Molfetta costruito gradualmente insieme alla omonima chiesa tra il XIII ed il XIV sec. a partire dalla chiesetta edificata nel luogo in cui soggiornò il Santo al ritorno dalle Crociate, fortemente danneggiato dai bombardamenti francesi durante il Sacco del 1528, fu riedificato e completato nel secolo successivo ed infine espropriato dal Murat nel 1814 dopo la soppressione napoleonica degli ordini religiosi. Molte quindi le trasformazioni seguite al cambio di uso, non necessariamente rivolte ad alterare le fabbriche, ma anzi finalizzate a migliorarne la qualità costruttiva e funzionale per consentire i nuovi delicati usi pubblici di vero e proprio polo della giustizia. Grazie alla copiosa documentazione disponibile negli Archivi è stato possibile ottenere informazioni indispensabili per intraprendere lo studio della valutazione del rischio sismico e la individuazione delle criticità strutturali presenti. È infatti stato possibile effettuare una buona ricostruzione in termini di composizione e qualità delle murature nonché della loro genesi e trasformazione soprattutto a partire dalla soppressione religiosa e dall’uso pubblico legato alla amministrazione della giustizia. Ha seguito lo studio qualitativo del comportamento delle varie parti dell’edificio alle azioni sismiche. Il meccanismo resistente basato sull’attrito fornisce ai filari orizzontali in cui è organizzata ogni muratura, la coesione necessaria per rispondere alle azioni orizzontali rappresentate dalle forze inerziali che vengono attivate dal moto accelerato del suolo. Tuttavia particolari condizioni di domanda di attrito localizzata o di risposta disponibile particolarmente elevata può portare alla scomposizione in macroelementi più o meno disponibili alla rotazione reciproca intorno a cerniere cilindriche costituite dalle zone a maggior capacità attritiva o di discontinuità dello stato tensionale a causa della presenza per esempio di aperture. Si creano così delle situazioni di possibili cinematismi che se attivati danno origine al collasso parziale o addirittura totale della struttura.
Rischio sismico del patrimonio architettonico: analisi ed indagini storico-critiche a supporto della conoscenza e definizione delle criticità strutturali. L'ex convento e chiesa di San Francesco a Molfetta.
TERZULLI, ROSA ANNA
2015/2016
Abstract
This is a study that wants to define systems of analysis of the historical buildings. They belong to the community that saw their growth and transformation during the centuries of their life. Our interest towards their shapes and materials is finalized to know the evidences of a Past full of teachings for a conscious Present and Future. The early Nineteenth century, the historical conditions followed to the French Revolution put the real problem of the reconstruction of symbolic places for the collective memory. John Ruskin answered about the reasons over which we must found an expendive and demanding durability. Above all, they are the values of historical witness and only then the architectonical, artistic and aesthetic values. When we restore an ancient buiding, we find infinite important elements to reconstruction the historical and artistic events, and the unavoidable manoumission we make during the restoration intervents, produces another monument that can’t be the same object we found. Only the good knowledge of the building can give us the possibility to control what new architectural work will go out from our intervention. This is the thought of another great scholar of restauration: Eugene Viollet-Le Duc; the accurate knowledge must be obtained by any avaliable means. He introduced even the use of daguerrotypes to help the study of the monument, and put himself to the avantgarde of the diagnostic systems of the structural problems. A right knowledge to decide the restoration intervents and an appropriate new use for the historical building, must be get from the documents contained in the Archives. They allow us to know the real genesys of the architectonic and structural elements, so important to restore and reuse in a correct way buildings very significant for the collective memory. Also the use of the building is a fundamental matter for his durable lifetime. Without use and periodic maintenance no buiding can avoid the natural death, but an uncorrect adhibition, when the original one is obsolete by now, can falsify the vocation of the place how the History gave us. It’s the case of the former convent of St. Frances in Molfetta, builded with the church, among 13th and 14th century, around the little church where He stayed when He came back from the Crusades. The building was seriously damaged in the 1528 during the “Sacco”, the siedge of the town by the French army, and reconstructured with expansions during the next centuries, as can be red in the “Platea” of the convent, a description written and drawn by the Father guardian in the 1703. In 1814 Gioacchino Murat, king of the Kingdom of Neapolis, expropriated the convent, after the Napoleonic abolition of the religious orders, and the building changed use from religious use to public use as a kind of justice pole; in fact were put there the functions of: station of Royal Gendarmerie, Judged of Peace, territorial Prison, storehouse and offices of the Administration of Reserved Ritghs for the sale of Salts and Tobaccoes, municipal warehouses. Many functions, too much, to give to the building a quiet public life of former convent. In fact the uses of administration of justice made the convent hated from people, that reconciled with it only when the church was demolished in the 1889 and replaced with the Fish Market. The reading of the several archive documents allows to know many informations about structural aspects of the building, which serve to value the seismic risk and locate the related structural problems. The study continued with the qualitative analysis of the seismic behaviour of the masonries and their presumable breakdown in macro elements linked trough kinematic mechanism of collapse. The basic mechanism of resistance to friction serves to contrast the inerzial forces, activated by the ground acceleration, and gives to the horizontal rows the cohesion necessary for a unit behavior.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14253/102873